Advanced Materials Research Vols. 393-395

Abstract: The actual acoustic intensity (I) that reaches membrane is measured by ultrasonic power measuring meter. I is altered by changing the height of membrane (H), the nominal ultrasonic power, or ultrasonic frequency in ultrasonic cleaner. The evolution of the property of polymeric membrane exposed to ultrasonic irradiation is followed by the calculation of membrane damage factor (R). Effect of acoustic intensity on the extent of membrane damage is investigated. The results show that the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is comparatively resistant under ultrasonic irradiation, the polypropylene (PP) membrane is less resistant, but the nylon 6 (N6) membrane can be damaged seriously by ultrasound. When ultrasonic frequency is 45 kHz, I decreases from 1.04 W•cm-2 to 0.10 W•cm-2 as H rises from 3 cm to 9 cm; I increases from 1.04 W•cm-2 to 1.33 W•cm-2 as the nominal ultrasonic power rises from 200 W to 400 W, and R increases as I rises. When the nominal ultrasonic power is 200 W, I rises from 1.04 W•cm-2 to 1.45 W•cm-2 as ultrasonic frequency increases from 45 kHz to 100 kHz, but R generally remains stable when ultrasonic frequencies are 80 kHz and 100 kHz. Membranes are resistant under ultrasonic irradiation when ultrasonic frequencies are 80 kHz and 100 kHz.

Abstract: In order to investigate effects of different ending fermentation technologies on microbial-stability and quality of low alcohol sweet white wine, with Italy Reasling grapes as raw materials, four ending fermentation technologies: single SO2 treatment, combined high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF)/SO2 treatment, combined ultrasound/SO2 treatment, and combined pasteurization/SO2 treatment were compared in yeasts lethality, enological parameters and sensory evaluation of the low-alcohol sweet white wines.The results showed that: the best ending fermentation technology was combined ultrasound (40Hz/20min)/SO2(40mg/L) treatment, which had higher total lethal rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the wines treated in this way were rich in typical Italy Reasling grape variety flavor and attractive aromas, with a pleasant fruity taste and microbial stability.

Abstract: The effects of temperature on electricity performance and microbial activity were investigated in single-chamber microbial fuel cell with proton exchange membrane (S-PEM-MFC) using glucose as substrate with phosphate buffer solution(PBS). The results showed that S-PEM-MFC able to adapt to a wide temperature range of 11, 18, 25, 30 and 35°C. The open circuit voltage, polarization, power density and microbial activity of S-PEM-MFC were increased with increasing temperature from 11 to 30°C. The maximum power density were 193.8mW∙m-3 at 30°C. Compared to 30°C, the battery open circuit voltage increased by only 4.8% at 35°C, while the polarization and power density is almost the same. These results demonstrate that according to the principle of economy which 30°C should be the optimal operating temperature of S-PEM-MFC.

Abstract: Effect of ultrasonic intensity on the degradation of phenol solution is investigated by changing the nominal ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and the position of reactor. The actual ultrasonic intensity (I) that reaches reactor is measured by ultrasonic power measuring meter. It can be found that the ultrasonic intensity varies with ultrasonic parameters. With the nominal power input improving from 60 W to 150 W, the ultrasonic intensity rises from 0.21 W•cm-2 to 1.06 W•cm-2 and the degradation rate of phenol solution (η) increases from 21.7% to 43.7%. However, when I reaches the highest value of 1.71 W•cm-2 at the frequency of 100 kHz, η decreases to the lowest value of 21.5%. The ultrasonic intensity distribution is uneven in the ultrasonic bath and η increases with an increase of I in the vertical direction. The ultrasonic degradation of phenol solution is affected by ultrasonic intensity, but η doesn’t definitely increase with an increase of ultrasonic intensity.

Abstract: The honeycomb cordierite, loaded with carrier TiO2 by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), was to produce the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst by impregnation process. The paper presents the effect of the content of V2O5 and WO3 on the catalyst by analyzing the microstructure and ingredients of catalyst by means of SEM, BET, XRD and EDS. The results show that the BET of the catalyst composed by 2.1%V2O5-8.2%WO3/TiO2 is 854.33m²•g-1 , Its hole area is 73.56 m2•g-1, the average pore size is 9.8nm,the main phase is Mg2Al4Si5O18,anatase-TiO2 and WO3.The distribution of vanadium monomer on the carrier TiO2 prepared by APCVD is monolayer, and minim particle is acicular. The NO removal rate (ηNO/%) of the catalyst with 2.1%V2O5 and 8.2%WO3 achieves 98.9%.

Abstract: Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 photocatalyst was synthesized by complexing Sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy(EDX). The photocatalytic activity of Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under UV-light. It revealed that the Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 prepared with the molar ratio of citric acid to metal inons be 2:1, Nd/Cu molar ratio of 2%, pH=7 and calcinated under 500°C for 4 hours was pure triclinic phase. In this conditions, the sample had highest photocatalytic activity with the photodegradation rate was about 95.73% or so in 60min under 20W ultraviolet lamp.

Abstract: Cu-Zn-Al catalyst was modified by the additives such as Ni and Mn, and the prepared catalyst was employed in the selective catalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The results showed that the addition of Ni could improve catalytic activity significantly, moreover, the improving effect was highest when Zn was replaced by Ni, simultaneously leading to excessive hydrogenation. The Cu-(5%)Mn-Zn-Al catalyst exhibited a higher selectivity of 93.6% for C = O bond to cinnamyl alcohol and hydrogenation activity of 33.0% conversion at 130°C under 1.0 MPa of H2 pressure with the reaction time of 1 h. TPR and XRD characterization showed that Mn promoter was favorable for the growth of Cu0 fine grains on the surface of catalyst, which not only led to steric effect which improved the selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol, but also reduced the numbers of active centers, consequently decreased the reaction rate.

Abstract: The hydrocracking of a pentane-insoluble asphaltene over NiMo/γ-Al2O3 at 623 - 703 K was investigated. The second order kinetic equation fits experimental data of asphaltene conversion adequately, giving the apparent activation energy to be 144 kJ/mol over the temperature range. Average molecular weight of liquid product was reduced significantly with increasing temperature.

Abstract: The generation of static electricity of aviation oils is based on the theory of double electrical layer on the boundary layer formed by charged particles in the liquid.The theory of electric double layer is used to explain reasons for the static electricity of aviation oil and expound main factors affecting its generation including conductivity, impurities, water, pipeline material and wall roughness; propose in details measures on the prevention of static electricity of aviation oil, including adding anti-static additives, controlling the oil flow rate, fuel control mode, electrostatic grounding and bridging and installing the static moderator and static eliminator devices, etc.

Abstract: ECOSUNIDE (ecological superior nitrification denitrification), based on the advanced theories including uniform dynamic, dynamic loading, sludge concentraion optimization, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, etc., is characterized by high removal efficiency of COD, BOD, nutrient, short total detention period, low operating cost, etc. This process has been successfully applied in the Further Treatment Engineering in Luozhuang of Linyi. The effluent qualities meet the ClassⅠ-A Criteria Specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).