Advanced Materials Research Vols. 396-398

Abstract: 2-Acetyl-2'-methoxylacetanilide has been synthesized by the reaction of 2-methoxylaniline and ethyl acetoacetate in toluene solution. The compound was characterized by MS, Infrared spectrum, 1HNMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that the compound is target product. The crystal data for 2-acetyl-2'-methoxylacetanilide: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, Mr= 207.22, De = 1.309 g/cm3, F (000) = 440, R = 0.0826 and wR = 0.1822. The complex forms layered structure through ••• stacking interaction.

Abstract: Several new chiral tridentate ligands with the bispidine moiety were synthesized from N-alkyl bispidines and chiral amino (or hydroxyl) acids. The synthesized ligands were used as catalysts in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to several aromatic aldehydes and an aliphatic aldehyde. High yield and enantioselectivity were received in the cases of aromatic aldehydes as substrates especially when the employed chiral ligand has a hydroxyl group attached to the chiral center. The effect of the structure, the amount of tridentate chiral ligands, solvent and temperature on the enantioselectivity of the addition products were studied. A possible mechanism for the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes in the presence of bispidine-derived ligands were proposed based upon the catalytic reaction results and referred to the mechanisms proposed for other reaction systems in literatures.

Abstract: The synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol is described. Starting from L-malic acid and benzylamine, we improved the synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2, 5-dione via melting reaction, without using any solvent. Followed by reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine in tetrahydrofuran, we synthesized the target compound. We used IR spectra to study the process of the reduction and modified the reaction conditions. It is the first time we reported (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol-borane which is the intermediate of the reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine system, and its spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MS spectroscopy).

Abstract: Chemical combination flooding technique is one of EOR techniques. The current status of chemical combination flooding including EOR mechanism, formula study, field test and application have been introduced and discussed. The problems met in field tests and future development trend of chemical combination flooding are directed. Synergistic effect among alkali, surfactant and polymer in ASP combination flooding, can improve both displacing efficiency and swept efficiency due to the increase of viscosity of displacing liquid and decrease in interfacial tension between oil and water. Emulsion ability of the chemical combination system can also improve the displacing efficiency. In addition, viscoelasticity of the combination system is also beneficial to improve the displacing efficiency. There are two main research tendencies for the formula system of chemical combination flooding. One is the high concentration small slug size system leaded by U.S., which can get high oil recovery but the cost is high. The other is a low concentration large slug size system leaded by China, which has good results and relatively low cost. With recent development of new polymers and surfactants, the chemical combination flooding has been will be widely used in different reservoirs. Pilot tests of ASP flooding in China have increased the oil recovery significantly. And such process has been extended to industrial tests and application. A serial of technologies has formed during ASP flooding field tests. Two main problems are shorter pump-checking period and higher cost of produced liquid handing. In order to avoid the negative effect of alkali, SP flooding pilot tests have been deployed. The general trend of chemical combination flooding technique is changing from strong-alkali ASP flooding to weak-alkali ASP flooding and alkali-free SP flooding. The application target reservoirs have extended from integral sandstone reservoirs to conglomerate reservoirs, complicated fault block reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs, from low temperature and low salinity reservoirs to high temperature and high salinity reservoirs.

Abstract: Glucose dehydroabietate was synthesized from glucose and dehydroabietic acid in the presence of propanediol and base catalyst. The product exhibits good surface activity. Rosin is one kind of widely applied raw materials. The main components of rosin, resinolic acids, have hydrophobic phenanthrene structure. The acid group of resinolic acids can react with hydrophilic compounds to form a series of surfactants. Therefore, rosin can be used for surfactant production. Glucose is the most widely distributed and important monosaccharide. All plants can produce glucose via. photosynthesis. While glucose reacts with rosin, the product, glucose rosinate, exhibits excellent surface activity. Besides, just like sugar esters [1], the surfactant has the characteristic of non-toxic, easily degradable and harmless for environment. It can be applied widely in food and other industry. In the present paper, glucose dehydroabietate has been synthesized from dehydroabietic acid and glucose with propanediol as solvent. The optimum reaction conditions have been investigated.

Abstract: In this work, activated carbon was modified by ammonia water. Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge were used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the samples in 1.0 mol/L Et₄NBF₄-PC solution. As a result, optimal conditions for surface modification of activated carbon have been examined as an ammonia solution concentration of 5wt.%. Specific capacitance can be improved significantly by surface modification of carbon materials. The specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 5.0wt.% ammonia water reached 114 F/g at a current density of 3.0 mA/cm2, which is 14% higher than that of untreated sample. In addition, the modified carbon materials possess excellent power performance.

Abstract: To enhance further treatment efficiency of the sludge, a process microwave drying of sludge was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial mathematical model was developed through Box-Behnken experimental design to describe the relationship between tested variables and moisture content of sludge. The experimental values were found to be in accordance with the predicted values, the correlation coefficient is 0.9203(P < 0.001). Estimated optimum parameters were as follows: The sludge: tree bark is 58:1, microwave power is 630w and processing time is 5.32 minutes. Under these conditions, a lowest moisture content of sludge (49.12%) after microwave drying was reached.

Abstract: A chemical synthesis procedure for theanine from L-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid (L-PCA) and ethylamine was modified. L-PCA was allowed to react with excess anhydrous ethylamine (>99%) to produce theanine at 35°C for 10 days. The theanine crystallized from 84% ethanol (V/V) at 4°C with yield of 17-30%. Results shown that L-PCA was conversed into theanine and a 98.2% yield of theanine was obtained by freeze-drying of the reacted mixture directly after reaction in the same manner. The synthesized products were identified by 1H-NMR and MS analysis. Both the isomers existed in products while the L-theanine was dominant. When 10% L-PCA aqueous solution was kept at 4°C for 60 days, about 13% L-PCA decomposed to yield glutamic acid. Since the aqueous solution of ethylamine is a kind of strong base, which may result in decomposed of L-PCA and L-theanine to form glutamic acid. Therefore, the anhydrous ethylamine was used as the substrate. The optimal conditions for theanine crystallization were also discussed.

Abstract: Selecting the Zichang coal as the sample coal, the chemical composition of the ash is analyzed with X-ray diffraction. The fusibility of coal ash temperature is measured for the ash with the different CaO content. The results shows that fusibility of coal ash drops with the increasing CaO content until it reaches 3.0%; then it increases with the increasing CaO content. We can explain this behavior by SiO2–Al2O3–CaO ternary phase diagram. The temperature of fusibility is lower when the additive amount reaches 3.0%~3.5% of coal.

Abstract: Abstract. Investigation of polymer resin as catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has revealed that the method can be applied to make a relative high removal of sulfur compounds. The reaction conditions, including temperature, amount of oxidant and reaction time were studied. The best result occurs under mild conditions with respect to room temperature and atmospheric pressure, to remove 75.54% of the totle sulfur content in the presence of H2O2 with an O/S molar ratio of 17. Possible mechanism is also disscussed.