Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: The rational proration is the prerequisite condition of realizing the high gas production and steady production of gas reservoir. Especially to the tight gas reservoir, due to the very low permeability, there are many low yield and low pressure gas wells. Because low yield and low pressure, the gas well is easily effected by the liquid loading and the change of working system, which cause the degree of reserve recovery decrease, more seriously make the gas stop producing directly. Based on the seepage rule in tight gas reservoir and analyzing the every factors influencing the production of low yield and pressure gas well, the low yield and pressure gas well have been classified to several types. And the gas well yields of different type have been optimized.

Abstract: Research on a round thread casing connection pullout case and a buttress thread casing connection pullout accident was carried out combining relative theorys with tests. Macroscopic analysis and dimension measurement and material’s physical and chemical properties were checked for casings and couplings. Thread inspection and full-scale tests were done for casing simples that are same lot with pullout casing. Comprehensive analysis was carried out on these results. Two cases history showed that casing connection dropout may take place if make-up location cann’t reach standard location or make-up torque is too little even if the quality of casing and coupling are in accordance with corresponding standards.

Abstract: Neogene Minghuazhen formation of Gangxi oilfield is a sequence of meandering river sedimentary record, which consists of a series of upward fining succession. During the mid-later period, it is becoming more difficult for oil development because of strong reservoir heterogeneity. In the late stage of oilfield development, it is necessary to refine temporal and spacial distribution of sedimentary facies distribution. Based on sedimentary facies research, the paper put focus on architectural elements analysis of meandering river point bar reservoir, mainly using underground well logging data. By the way of calculations of typical well area (Gx47-4) of Nm2-7-1 single layer, the scale of lateral acceleration sandstone body, the dip angel of lateral mudstone interlayers, the ratio of the width and thickness of channel sandstone are quantitatively calculated. The results show that the dip angle of lateral accretion interlayers within a point bar is 4-6° and the ratio of width and depth of a meandering river is 18-22 and the planar width is about 50m. These quantitative parameters provide important foundation for next detailed study on sedimentary features of underground reservoir. At the same time they provide significant guidance for well pattern adjustment.

Abstract: In exploration for natural gas hydrates, drilling, coring and well logging are the most important access to make deep understanding of the nature of hydrate reservoirs, besides the seismic prospecting methods. Because of the harsh conditions for hydrate stability and the complex of occurrence formations, the drilling and coring generally have a great difficulty and high cost. Therefore, the well logging becomes the priority method. The resistivity and sonic logging method, which were applied as the earliest logging method in the evaluation of hydrate reserviors, have been continuously applied ever since and the evaluation results derived from them have a relative accuracy and reliability. Other logging tools, such as borehole imaging, density, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. are also used to make integrated interpretation and evaluation for the hydrate reservoirs. Until now the applied porosity and hydrate saturation evaluation models are better suitable to the homogeneous reservoirs. However, they still need to be amended or improved for the anisotropism (e.g., fracture sediment) and shale-rich reservoirs. In addition, the external factors such as drilling fluid washout and invasion will also affect the well logging results. The combination of various well logging methods is an effective way to improve the accuracy of identification and quantification of hydrate reservoirs.

Abstract: Chemical combination flooding is one of the main enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in China. The key factor of a successful chemical combination flooding application is the development of oil displacement surfactants with good performance. In this paper, the basic requirements of surfactant for chemical combination flooding were introduced, and the development progress of surfactants for chemical combination flooding was reviewed and their application results were shown. With the expanding application of chemical combination flooding in different types of reservoir, the challenge and development direction of oil displacement surfactants were indicated.

Abstract: Microgel can be used as a novel deep profile control (conformance control) agent in the aspect of EOR(Enhanced oil recovery) in mature oil field development. Dispersion polymerization of microgel has been successfully carried out in aqueous AS (ammonium sulfate) media by using AM (acrylamide), PEG 200 DA (Poly(ethylene glycol(200) diacrylate)), PVP (Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)), V-50(2,2’-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride), as the monomer, cross-linker, stabilizer and initiator, respectively. The effect of ammonium sulfate and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) concentrations are strongly on microgels successfully polymerization. POM（polarization microscope） and SEM （scanning electron microscope）results show that the shape of microgels is in oval or nonspherical state. The surface structure of microgel is rather accidented full of mesoporous. Addition of inorganic salts interacting with poly(acrylamide) microgel can affect its micromorphology and results in the appearance of single crystal clusters. Sand pack flowing experiment shows that the microgel has perfect propagating property during the process of injection and can achieve a high oil recovery efficiency of 23.4% by the total of 0.4 PV microgel solution injection.

Abstract: n-hexadecane was selected as model compound and studied the hydroisomerization performance on SAPO-11 zeolite catalyst. Platinum was loaded on by wet impregnation with H2PtCl6.6H2O solution . Experiments conditions were as follows : hydrogen pressure ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 MPa, reaction temperature ranging from 320 to 380 °C , WHSV ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 h-1 , molar ratio of hydrogen to n-hexadecane ranging 10 to 40 . The results show that Pt/SAPO-11 zeolite catalyst has a highly conversion and selectivity.

Abstract: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an important source of residential gas in China. Conventional LPG vaporizer mainly depends on electric heating as its heat source. In this paper, a new LPG vaporization system using solar thermal energy is designed for a residential community in Beijing. A detailed economic analysis of the solar LPG vaporization system is performed by the use of life cycle savings (LCS) method. Mortgage payment, maintenance cost, fuel cost, income tax, salvage value and the time value of money are also taken into account. It is concluded that the solar vaporization system has a significant life cycle savings of 77,589 Yuan after 15 years and is more economical than the conventional electric vaporization system with the same vaporization capacity.

Abstract: Three binary solutions composed of ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM] [DEP]), and selected refrigerants (water, ethanol or methanol) were proposed as new working pairs for absorption heat pumps or absorption refrigerators. The vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured by a static method at different temperatures and at different ILs mole factions and correlated by the None-Random Two Liquids (NRTL) activity coefficient models, and the average relative deviation were less than 3.3%. The solutions showed strong negative deviation from the Raoult's Law and were able to absorb vapor of water, ethanol or methanol. The excess enthalpies were measured and correlated at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The results indicated that the mixing of [EMIM] [DEP] with water, ethanol or methanol were exothermal. The proposed solutions were proved to possess one of the fundamental features that a working pair must have in absorption cycle.

Abstract: Six azo aromatic diacyl chlorides were synthesized under microwave irradiation. The method offers better yields in shorter reaction times compared to classical heating approaches and ultrasonic irradiation.