Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: The weld cracking mechanism of the entrance elbow of crude oil cracking furnace served at 490°C was investigated. The performance and microstructure of failed elbow were characterized by hardness testing, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that cracks are caused by the combination of sulfide corrosion, embrittlement of weld metal and thermal stress.

Abstract: In this study, a comparative study of alkaline flooding and alkali-surfactant flooding were conducted for Zhuangxi heavy oil with viscosity of 325 mPa•s at 55 °C. The results of core flooding tests show that the tertiary oil recovery of alkali-surfactant flooding are lower than those of alkaline-only flooding, in spite of the coexistence of the surfactant and alkali can reduce the IFT between the heavy oil and aqueous phase to an ultralow level. Further flood study via glass-etching micromodel tests demonstrates that injected alkaline-only solution can penetrate into the oil phase and creates some discontinuous water droplet inside the oil phase that tend to lower the mobility of the injected water and lead to the improvement of sweep efficiency. While for alkali-surfactant flooding, heavy oil is easily emulsified in brine by an alkaline plus very dilute surfactant formula to form oil-in-water emulsion, and then entrained in the water phase. Therefore, viscous fingering phenomena occur during the alkali-surfactant flooding, resulting in relatively lower sweep efficiency.

Abstract: In this paper,we set up three programming models,and obtain the best laying project according to actual data. We solve the issue how to dispose petroleum pipe line.At last,we give the best project of petroleum pipe line.

Abstract: Mass and heat transfer processes of three fuels commonly used (Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), gasoline, diesel oil) flow dispersing in underground environment for the leak at different zones of underground storage tank (UST) were studied. On the basis of the mass and heat transfer process analysis and employing the three-dimensional multiphase mixture flow model, the migration processes of LPG, gasoline, diesel oil in tank pond for UST leak were simulated. The velocity, density, concentration, pressure, temperature fields can be obtained. From the simulation results, the detailed analysis were performed to investigate the characteristics of the three fuels infiltration flow processes and the effects of various influencing factors on infiltration flow such as storage pressure, fuel composition, leak position of tank, position of outlet, gravity, viscous force, etc.

Abstract: Oligomerization of ethylene in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) dry gas to propylene was investigated as a feasible approach to use FCC dry gas. The thermodynamic calculation indicated that the equilibrium conversion of ethylene decreased with an increasing temperature, while the experimental conversion achieved peak value at nearly 500°C due to kinetic limit. The catalytic performances of HZSM-5 catalysts with FCC dry gas as feedstock were studied in fixed-bed reactor. It was confirmed that oligomerization carried out at a higher temperature using dilute feed or a less active catalyst such as steam treated catalyst favored propylene yield. With ethylene conversion of approximately 50%, the propylene yield was over14% at 0.3MPa, 550°C with dilute ratio of 1:1 over steam treated catalyst. An apparent reaction order of 2.5 with respect to ethylene was obtained.

Abstract: Selecting 150000m3 storage tank as research object, the base isolation system was introduced and allowing for the impact of floating roof to study the seismic response of vertical storage tanks. The finite element models were established by using ADINA. The damping rate of floating-roof storage tank in multi-direction seismic excitation, and the damping rate of base isolation vertical storage tank in different isolation layer damping ratio, isolation periods were calculated respectively and comparative analyzed. The results indicate that: the damping rate of hydrodynamic pressure in three-dimensional seismic excitation is less than that of unidirectional, little change in the damping rate of base shear and overturning moment, sloshing wave height control action is not obvious. With the isolation period and isolation layer damping ratio increases, the damping rate of base shear, overturning moment, and hydrodynamic pressure are all increase. Isolation measures can not effectively control the sloshing wave height, and the isolation period and the isolation layer damping ratio have a reasonable optimization range.

Abstract: The situation of low temperature crude oil pipeline carrying is universal. The rapid developing of pipe line supposes higher asking on new carrying technology. The problem of long distance carrying at normal temperature of high waxy crude oil is impel to resolve and its potential social economic profit is obvious. As the pipeline is designed at high production period of field so there must have low carrying situation at beginning and ending time. At the situation the high waxy crude oil and high pour point crude oil will face on great resistance and blockage problem. Further more the pipeline has to make great energy expense on high temperature carrying. So take new carrying technology to realize atmosphere temperature carrying is crucial of resolving low temperature carrying. The method of adding chemical pour point depressant(PPD)/flow improver additives (FIA) into crude oil directly was widely used at present. The progress of the additives and its study methods was summarized in the paper and supply some reference for the technology of PPD/FIA.

Abstract: Base on structural descriptors including dipole moments (μ), Energy gap (∆ε), hydration energy (∆H), and hydrophobic parameter lg P of 25 organic solutes, the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method was used to correlate the values of activity coefficients at infinite dilution, , for the solutes in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) at 323.15 K. The result showed that the QSPR model had a good correlation and could successfully describe . The quantitative relationship between organic molecular structure and in [EMIM][BF4] was obtained and the correlation parameters were analyzed to understand the interactions that affect activity coefficients at infinite dilution.

Abstract: Extractive Crystallization was used to recover petroleum sulfonate from wastewater. The simple process significantly reduced power consumption. Ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol were used as extractant to recover petroleum sulfonate and remove ammonium sulfate. This work systematically studied the effect of different extractants for the wastewater. The results showed that: the crystallization ratio of n-butanol was much lower than that of ethanol and isopropanol with a certain solvent ratio at room temperature, but the purity of the petroleum sulfonate extracted by n-butanol was much larger than that of ethanol and isopropanol. Petroleum sulfonate recovery was in the order of ethanol ＞isopropanol ＞n-butanol. Therefore, suitable extractant and solvent ratio were selected based on different product requirements, which achieved the dual purposes of removing ammonium sulfate and recovering petroleum sulfonate.

Abstract: Domestic product oil sales companies are striving for decreasing logistics cost and improving logistics service level to strengthen core competitiveness. The paper will explore how to optimize the secondary distribution of oil product, with respecting to the relationship between logistics cost and logistics service level. Firstly, the character of product oil logistics and the relationship of benefit deviation between logistics cost and logistics service is elaborated. Secondly, the optimization model of product oil secondary distribution based on particular service level is built. At last an example is introduced to verify the effectiveness of this model. The result provides some support on decision making to the domestic product oil sales companies.