Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: The using of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to the analysis of gasoline components is studied in this article. The results show that sample of fresh gasoline contains 27 kinds of compositions, Groups of characteristic compounds and distribution of components were clearly observed in the gasoline. As a result, Applying GC-MS technology to analysis distribution of gasoline compositions was practicable.

Abstract: Hogwash oil mainly refers to the greasy floater recycled from oil-water separation system or drainage of the catering industry, it is a general definition of various wasted greases. With the improvement of living standard, people have stronger sense of environmental protection, and gradually realize the potential hazard of poorly disposed kitchen garbage, the government and environmental protection departments are paying more attention on treatment of hogwash oil. Biodiesel is a renewable source of energy, a liquid fuel made from rapeseed, soybean, oil palm, pistachio nut, microalgae and the like oil crops, nuts and aquatic plants as well as animal greases and used cooking oil, and it is a high-quality petroleum diesel substitute. Given China’s reality, the implementation of the hogwash oil-for-biodiesel project could not only bring more economic benefits to the society, but also have significant influence on city image, citizens’ health and environmental quality. The popularization of such project will have great significance in protecting China’s energy security and relieving current fuel shortage.

Abstract: In this paper, we present a density-method-based model to allocate the refining cost to petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel. By using this model, we also present an empirical study of China, which is based on a virtual crude oil refining process proposed referring to the technical configuration of oil refining industry in China. Three scenarios of the cost of gasoline and diesel are illustrated referring to different settings of the change of the international crude oil prices. The results indicate that the cost of gasoline and diesel change nearly the same amplitude as the change of crude oil price. However, the margin between the cost of gasoline and diesel will slightly increase with the rise of crude oil price. Besides, we also present a sensitivity analysis of the operation cost of each unit in the refining process. The results reveal that the operation cost of catalytic reforming is the most important influencing factor of the cost of gasoline, while the operation cost of hydrogen cracking influences the cost of diesel mostly.

Abstract: During the Process of ASP Produced Fluid Treatment, a Considerable Amount of Chemical Agents Were Injected to the Production System due to Problems such as Heavy Emulsion, Scaling and Foaming, Etc. these Chemicals React on each other and Finally Coexist in the Produced Fluid. how about Compatibility between the Chemicals Will they Strengthen or Weaken their Functions on each other this Paper Has Confirmed the Effects and their Influences to the Produced Fluid through Lab Tests on Compatibility between Demulsifiers, Defoaming Agents and Proposed a Proper Concentration to Eliminate Influences Caused by the Uncompatibility. Therefore, it Reduces the Effect on the Water Quality.

Abstract: Focused on the produced flood of an ASP flooding zone in Daqing oilfield, an applied scaling inhibitor was researched on the compatibility with the oilfield chemical agents. By a series of lab tests, the compatibility with the chemical agents, including polyacrylamide (PAM), surfactant and demulsifier, are clearly exhibited. Based the data, the effect on the produced fluid treatment is discussed. And the injections of the chemical agents are suitably specified.

Abstract: Based on the thermodynamic stability and hydrogen bond mechanisms, alkyl dibenzothiophene molecular ratios, 4-/1-MDBT, and 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT, are used to characterize organic maturity and oil migration, which can act as molecular tracers for the filling orientation and pathway in oil reservoir. The results show that the well Shuang32 is the filling point which is close to the source kitchen. Three advantaged oil migration and filling pathways have been discovered, the first one is that oil is charged from well Shuang32 to well Shuang26- well Shuang301- well Shuang31 in northeast orientation, the second one is that oil is charged from well Shuang32 to well Shuang34- well Shuang36 in southwest orientation, the third one is that oil is charged from well Shuang 32 to well Chang502- well Shuang 23 in west-northwest orientation.

Abstract: Lungu atmospheric residue (LGAR) was separated systematically to analyze the distribution of sulfur in subfractions. Based on this, the distribution and conversion of sulfur in products and residue subfractions were investigated at different thermal reaction temperatures. The result shows that the sulfur in each subfraction of LGAR had the same polarity and distribution tendency as corresponding fraction. At the same thermal reaction temperature, the distribution of sulfur in LGAR was in the descending order of aromatics, asphaltenes, resins I, resins II and saturates, which was similar with the distribution of sulfur before thermal reaction. In addition, a relatively uniform variation trend was found between each subfraction and its sulfur in LGAR thermal reaction, suggesting that the conversion of sulfur in LGAR was accompanied with the cracking and condensation of subfractions during thermal reaction. Moreover, the desulfurization rate of LGAR increased from 55.24% to 69.24%, while the desulfurization rates of LGAR subfractions were at the range of 45%-90% after thermal reaction. The desulfurization rates of both LGAR and subfractions increased with the reaction severity.

Abstract: The oil and water (O/W) interfacial tension affecting on oil recovery of surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding was studied based on Berea core flooding tests. The results of SP flooding physics simulation tests showed that when the O/W interfacial tension decreased, the incremental oil recovery of SP flooding increased accordingly, when the O/W interfacial tension decrease to 5×10^-3mN/m level, near the highest oil recovery of SP flooding can be obtained. The SP flooding system with low interfacial tension can obtain 7-15% incremental oil recovery more than that with high IFT system.

Abstract: The CO₂ EOR and Storage Project in Jilin oilfield is the first large CCS demonstration project in China for CO₂ geological storage into depleting oil reservoirs. It aims at enhancing the understanding of CO₂ EOR mechanisms, movement of CO₂ in the reservoir and relevant physical-chemical reactions involved in the storage process, meanwhile gaining practical experience of monitoring and verification of CO₂ storage technology in tight oil reservoirs. To have a better understanding of the naturally occurring and phase transformation between CO₂ and reservoir fluid and provide accurate data for designing an oil development plan, we must know the interactions between CO₂ and reservoir fluids. Hence, in the first part of this paper the CO₂ and reservoir fluid phase equilibrium is measured with laboratory experiment, then the collected data is used to calculate the theory and practical CO₂ Sequestration capacities.

Abstract: CO₂ flooding process has been a proven valuable tertiary enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. In this paper, experiment on extractive capacity of CO₂ in oil saturated porous media was conducted under reservoir conditions. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate extractive capacity of CO₂ in oil saturated natural cores and improve understanding of the CO₂ flooding mechanisms, especially in porous media conditions. Experimental results indicated that oil production decreases while GOR increases with extractive time increases. the changes of the color and state of the production oil shows that oil component changes from light to heavy as extractive time increases. In addition, no oil was produced by water flooding after extractive experiment. Based on the experimental results and phenomena, the main conclusion drawn from this study is that under supercritical condition, CO₂ has very powerful extractive capacity. And the application of CO₂ flooding is recommended for enhancing oil recovery.