Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: The number of oil shale mines which adopted open pit mining increased with the increasing of oil price, in recent years. The economic stripping ratio is an important basis to determine open pit limit. Since there is no national or occupational standard about economic stripping ratio in open-pit oil shale mine, the economic stripping ratio has calculated by adopting refined oil price. This research has guiding significance for oil shale open-pit mine exploitation.

Abstract: In order to optimize chemical displacing agents for untabulated reservoirs in Daqing oilfield, the natural cores were taken to conduct the physical simulation displacement experimental research with four displacing agents, which included active water with the weight content 0.1%, polymer solution with mass concentration 500mg/L and molecular weight 5 million, polymeric surfactant solution with mass concentration 500mg/L and molecular weight 5 million, binary compound system ( polymer with mass concentration 500mg/L and molecular weight 5 million , surfactant with weight content 0.1%). At different water cut stage of water flooding, the converting displacing agents were injected. The results showed that active water, polymer, polymeric surfactant, binary compound flooding all can enhance oil recovery to some extent; and for the same chemical agent, the earlier of the converting injection time, the higher of the degree of enhancing oil recovery. From displacement efficiencies of four kinds of displacing agents we can conclude that the effect of 0.8 PV polymeric surfactant is the best, following as that of 0.6875 PV binary compound system, that of 0.8 PV polymer and that of 0.5 PV active water. The experimental results of this paper can be used to direct oilfield exploitation practice.

Abstract: In course of oil’s demulsification by pulse electric field, flexing deformation and vibration of latex particle would be happened in emulsion oil. By establishing vibration dynamics model of particle, it was obtained that equation of its parametrically excited nonlinear vibration. Vibration equation was calculated by harmonious wave balance solution, obtaining swing-frequency characteristic expression. Results of experiment showed that particle vibration model could forecast and calculate nonlinear parametrically excited resonance’s frequency and maximum swing of latex particle.

Abstract: Abstract The subject of the present research work referred to the metallurgical examination of five iron clamps taken from the Epikourios Apollo by the Conservation Committee. The temple constitutes one of the most famous ancient temples dedicated to Apollon, built in (420-410 BC) by Iktinos, the same civil engineer who previously created Parthenon. For this reason, the new temple characterized as “the twined Parthenon”. This study makes an effort to clarify some important questions related to their manufacture, composition and iron ore origin.

Abstract: Oxidation of iron sulfide in supercritical water was investigated in the batch reactor. Iron sulfide was converted in two parallel processes: gasification by water and oxidation by oxygen. Assuming that the reaction order of H₂O was 0, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the gasification process were determined to be 43kJ mol^-1 and 22.4 min^-1, correspondingly. It is found that above 773K the oxidation process was limited by the mass transfer of O2 to particles surface. Below 773K, with an assumption of zero order in H₂O concentration and first-order reaction in oxygen concentration, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the rate of oxidation were estimated as154kJ mol^-1 and 1.7×10⁶m³ mol^-1 min^-1, respectively. With supercritical water oxidation under the experimental conditions, the sulfur-containing components in the product were sulfide, sulfite and sulfate, in which sulfide and sulfate were predominant. It is likely to completely convert the sulfur to the sulfate by supercritical water oxidation using high temperature and long reaction time. The reaction pathway of iron sulfide could be expressed as: iron sulfide → sulfide → sulfite → sulfate.

Abstract: The swirl flow could enhance the turbulent mixing and promote the slagging in the entrained flow gasifier. In recent research, the effect of swirl flow on cold flow characteristic of entrained flow gasifier was neglected or simplified. To address this, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was presented to investigate the effect of swirl flow on the cold flow characteristic of entrained flow gasifier. Several control parameters, i.e., the diameter and injection velocity of nozzles, were found to significantly affect swirl intensity and velocity distribution in the entrained flow gasifier. Our numerical simulation provides an effective way for researchers or engineers to optimize and scale up the gasifier and nozzle.

Abstract: The experiments selected Wang Taipu gangue as raw materials and adopted single factor experimental method to study the leaching of aluminum oxide from gangue by using hydrochloric acid as leaching medium. The experiments studied solvent/sample mass ratio, hydrochloric acid/sample, liquid-solid ratio, hydrochloric acid concentration, leaching time and leaching temperature on Al₂O₃ leaching rate of coal gangue. Through the parallel experiment of the above factors, we can found that optimization conditions of hydrochloric acid leaching of alumina were: solvent /sample mass ratio: 0.20, solvent: NaF, liquid-solid ratio: 1:10, hydrochloric acid concentration: 6mol/L, leaching time: 150min, leaching temperature:110°C. In this case, the aluminum oxide of optimal leaching rate was 79.33%.

Abstract: Chelating electroplating sludge contains high grade of toxic metals or heavy metals, so this sludge should be treated and recovered of valuable metals from it. This paper mainly studied on the recovery process of Copper, Nickel and Zinc process from sulfuric acid leaching solution of roasted chelating electroplated sludge. It provided an effective technique for recovery of valuable metals from acid leaching solution. The efficiency of the process had been measured with the metal recovery rate. Experimental results showed that recovery rate of Copper and Nickel can respectively achieve at 99.30% and 97.00% from acid leaching solution after removal iron with zinc powder used reducing agent. The process has simple operation and high recovery rate. It can solve the environmental pollution problem of electroplating sludge and valuable metals can be recovered from which. It could bring better economic and environmental benefits to the enterprise.

Abstract: This paper studies electrolyte heterogeneous phenomenon and its influence on tungsten ion exchange.It shows that the homogeneous change of WO42- and Clˉmake WO42- positive adsorption of exchange capacity reduced, but reverse adsorption exchange capacity increased;Improve the WO42- solution concentration, increasing the resin layer height, and reducing the ion exchange speed, will strengthen the heterogeneous of features.Low-speed of the positive desorption can increase desorbing agent solution concentration、reduce the dosage of desorbing agent.

Abstract: The Fe/SiO2 ratio in slag is one of the important control parameters for copper flash smelting process, but it is difficult to describe the complex relationship between the technological parameters and the Fe/SiO₂ ratio in slag using accurate mathematic formulae, because the copper flash smelting process is a complicated nonlinear system. An neural network model for the Fe/SiO₂ ratio in copper flash smelting slag was developed, whose net structure is 8-15-12-1, and input nodes include the oxygen volume per ton concentrate, the oxygen grade, the flux rate, the quantity of Cu, S, Fe, SiO₂ and MgO in concentrate. In order to avoid local minimum terminations when the model is trained by back propagation (BP) algorithm, a new algorithm called GA-BP is presented by using genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the initial weights and threshold values. The results show that the model can avoid local minimum terminations and accelerate convergence, and has high prediction precision and good generalization performance. The model can be used to optimize the copper flash smelting process control.