Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: The energy flow process in iron & steel factory is composed of the production, conversion, using of all sorts of energy and waste gas removing. In accordance with the energy flow process, make use of the law of energy conservation and conversion, the energy flow diagram from the energy-consumption analysis, and it is constructed. The energy flow analysis model of iron & steel is designed based on the energy flow diagram. To adopt comparison method, the influence of each process energy-consumption on the energy consumption of iron and steel enterprise also discussed.

Abstract: According to the components of bluecoke furnace gas by rich oxygen carbonization, the methane conversion and methanol synthesis processes with simulation mix gas were separately researched using the self-made catalysts. The results show that the conversion rate of methane could achieve about 95% under the conditions of temperature of 800°C, space velocity of 9000h^-1 and the ratio of water to hydrocarbon of about 3.0 with self-made Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. For synthesis of methanol with self-made CuO-ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalyst in fixed reactor from the reformed gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451g•g^-1•h_-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h^-1.

Abstract: Mechanical properties of non-quenched prehardened (NQP) steel air cooled and sand cooled after forged were tested and their microstructure was investigated by optical microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy(TEM). The results show that mechanical properties of the NQP steel are similar at both cooling conditions, and their microstructure is bainite, whose fine structure is main bainite ferrite laths, retained austenite films, retained austenite islands and their transformation products. Bainite ferrite laths of the NQP steel air cooled are narrower than that sand cooled, while more retained austenite islands exist in latter.

Abstract: In this paper, material and energy flow in the coking process were analyzed and thus the possibility of resource and energy efficiency increase was pointed out. Considering the unreasonable structure of coking industry currently, a novel model of coking-steel co-production system was built and its advantages were analyzed in the respects of the use of coal gas, waste heat and coal resources. The results show that the coking-steel co-production system has the more obvious advantages than the traditional coking process.

Abstract: In order to analysis the factors effect the uncertainty in the measurement of depth of decarburization and characterized the dispersity of the measuring results, according to the theory of the uncertainty in measurement and JJF1059-1999 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, the uncertainty in the measurement of depth of decarburization of steel rail was assessed, which was caused by the uneven of decarburization and the repetitiveness of the measure, the obliquity of the cross section, the accurate degree of the measure instrument, the approximate of the value. The combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty was calculated, and the report of the uncertainty was given.

Abstract: The magnetic field of the 168 kA aluminum reduction cell was calculated with the software ANSYS in our study. The calculated results showed that the magnetic line of the aluminum and electrolyte in cell formed a clockwise swirl. The X and Z magnetic intensity of aluminum was similar with the antisymmetric distribution and the magnetic intensity vector of aluminum reduced along the -Z axis. The X, Y and Z magnetic intensity in the electrolyte under the anode bottom was similar with the antisymmetric distribution along short axis (Y axis), long axis (X axis) and short axis (Y axis), respectively. The magnetic intensity vector of electrolyte in the gap of the anode was higher than that under the anode bottom. The X and Z magnetic intensity in the interface of melt was also similar with the antisymmetric distribution. The numerical simulations with ANSYS have the important references for project analysis and diagnose.

Abstract: The usage of high-arsenic sulfide copper concentrate were limited because the arsenic in the concentrate harms the qualities of copper product and pollutes the environment. In this paper an innovative process for high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrate with with bio-oxidation respectively Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans has been studied out, and the influencing factors have been comparative studied during the leaching process, such as concentration particle size, leaching methods, pulp concentration, leaching time and the initial concentration of Fe3+, etc. Under the suitable leaching conditions, the experiments results show that the concentrate is leached 47.13% of Cu,50.09% of As and 52.46% of Fe by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 82.39% of Cu,78.21% of As and 40.38% of Fe by moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. The high concentration initial Fe3+ has speeded leaching process up in the presence of moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and when the pulp initial concentration of Fe3+ is in the range of 0.08~0.32mol/L, the leaching rate of Cu is 86.34~97.06%, As 89.22~94.13%. It is concluded that Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans have a better effect on bioleaching high-arsenic sulfide copper concentrate than Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Abstract: A new technology of pellet production-drying-chloridizing roasting is proposed for comprehensive utilization of sulfuric acid residue with high content of copper, a common by-product in vitriol industry. The sulfuric acid residue, containing 60.27% Fe, and 1.61% Cu, was pelletized with addition of 5% bentonite in pan pelletizer. Green balls after drying with 2.3% of water retention were roasting at 1100 °C for 30 min with 5 wt % of CaCl₂ addition in tube furnace. The results demonstrate that pellets with 60.58% of TFe, a copper volatite ratio of 97.8% were obtained with simultaneous decrease in the copper content down to 0.035%. Key technique is that CaCl₂ reacts with copper compounds and the chloride can be volatilized at moderate temperatures. This new technology can be used to fully utilize sulfuric acid residue and produce qualified concentrate as iron-bearing feed for steel industry, which will help to solve the pollution of sulfuric acid residue and extend raw material sourcing for Chinese steel industry.

Abstract: In order to decrease lithium extraction cost, pollution and energy. A new and efficient technology was particularly discussed in this paper, the fluorine chemical method to extract lithium from spodumene. The reaction mechanism had also been analysed by studying the crystal structure variation and reaction products. The results show that hydrofluoric acid corroded α-spodumene in low temperature, damaged the compact chemical bonds: Li-O, Al-O, Si-O, and Al-O-Si, and generated Li3AlF6 and AlF3, which can be dissolved in sulfuric acid. Our research provides theoretical guidance for the lithium extraction process from α-spodumene.

Abstract: Firstly, problems of the original tundish were analyzed by simulating flow fields in the paper. Secondly, based of these problems, the new optimization model had been constructed. At last, flow field of new tundish were simulated. The conclusions were gained from simulation results. The new tundish could counteract the effect of sink flow completely and remove shear eddy. It also increased effective stroke of molten steel and enhanced asorptivity of liquid scum to inclusions. These were beneficial to the removal of inclusions.