Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: Hybrid rice breeding is one of high-technology in agriculture. This breeding technology effectively protects world food security. Using s-curve and community analysis in complex networks, development of hybrid rice breeding are explored. Results indicate that two branches of hybrid rice breeding will get to saturation between 2080’s to 2090’s in this century.

Abstract: Quality of winter wheat from hyperspectral data would provide opportunities to manage grain harvest differently, and to maximize output by adjusting input in fields. In this study, two varieties winter wheat as the object, hyperspectral data were utilized to predict grain quality. Firstly, the leaf and stem nitrogen content at winter wheat anthesis stage was proved to be signification correctly with crude content and wet gluten. And the leaf relatedcoefficient more than stem at the anthesis. Then, spectral indices significantly correlated to plant nitrogen content at anthesis stage were potential indicators for grain qualities. The vegetation index, VI derived from the canopy spectral reflectance was signification correlated to the leaf nitrogen content at anthesis stage, and highly significantly correlated to the leaf nitrogen content. Based on above analysis, the predict grain quality model were build and the related coefficient were 0.86, 0.68, 0.84, 0.58 which were reached a very significant.The result demonstrated the model based on SIPI and RVI to predict different cultivars wheat grain quality were practical and feasible.

Abstract: The soil physical and chemical properties of four densities (A:2500/hm²，B:3300/hm²，C:4400/hm²，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations, Larix olgensis plantation(E) and Quercus mandsurica forest(F) were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N, total P, available N and available P were affected significantly by plantation density in hybrid Larch plantations. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in density 2500/hm². Soil porosity of density 2500/hm² and 3300/hm² was bigger than that of density 4400/hm² and density 6600/hm². Total N, total P and available N of density 4400/hm² and 3300/hm² were higher than that of density 6600/hm² and density 2500/hm². Total N, total P, available N and available P of hybrid Larch plantations were not lower than that of Larix olgensis plantation. The results of the soil physical and chemical properties under different densities of hybrid Larch plantations and different types of forest seems to confirm that hybrid Larch plantation did not decreased the soil fertility, and the hybrid Larch plantation with densities of 3300/hm² and 4400/hm² could be conductive to improving the soil quality. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.

Abstract: This article uses three methods, and let the flowers in different conditions.The first,natural conditions are in the average temperature of 25 degrees in the dry environment press 4 days;The second is 40% microwave power press 120s; The last,constant temperature 55 C, 12h .The test is about 40 kinds of tropical flowers that are suppressed, and the use of sensory evaluation and color difference meter calculation and analysis, to find out a good material under a certain condition without protecting color, after drying can still maintain good color and shape. Develop the dried material resource, expand the natural industry market.

Abstract: The soil saturated water content, soil water permeability and the soil water content dynamic process under six forest types (Pinus koraiensis plantation, Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest, Fraxinus mandshurica- Larix olgensis forest, Tilia mandshurica forest Quercus monglica forest and Juglans mandshurica forest) beside Songhua River were measured in the sample forests and experiment room during May to September 2006. The soil saturated water contents under six forest types were from 2693.50 t/hm2 to 3184.31 t/hm2, the biggest value occurred under Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest, and the smallest value occurred under Quercus monglica forest. The initial permeability coefficient and stable permeability coefficient of the various soil layers under six forest types were bigger than that of bare land, and the biggest value occurred under Tilia mandshurica forest. The soil water content under six forest types had the same change tendency during growth season that was, high-low-high-low in May-June-July and August-September. The results would provide the theories basis for the forest management beside Songhua River.

Abstract: The dynamics of the litter and soil organic matter content of four densities (A: 2500/hm²，B:3300/hm²，C:4400/hm²，D:6600/hm²) of hybrid Larch plantations were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. (1) The annual litter stock under the hybrid Larch plantation was 4634.6 ~ 5453.4 kg/hm², and the decreased order of the annual litter stock was under density of 4400, 3300 2500and 6600 trees per hectare. The decrease order of the litter stock no matter undecomposition and decomposition litter was under density of 3300, 4400, 2500 and 6600 trees per hectare, and the rate of the undecomposition litter stock to total litter stock was bigger than 50 %. (2) The seasonal dynamic of the soil organic matter under different densities of plantations basically had the same principle. In 0~10 cm soil layer, the soil organic matter was higher in June and August, was lower in May and July, and was flat or increased slightly in September, but was decreased in September under the plantations with density 4400 and 3300 trees per hectare. The soil organic matter in 10~20 cm and 20~40 cm layer had the same change principle, but the change range was flat and smooth. For the same density of plantation, the difference of the organic matter in the same soil layer between the different months was significantly (P < 0.05). (3) The difference of the soil organic matter content in the same soil layer under different densities of hybrid Larch plantation was significantly, and the decreased order of the soil organic matter in average was under density 4400, 3300, 6600 and 2500 trees per hectare. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.

Abstract: This study uses" HIFRL" type in the intermediate energy heavy ion accelerator (Institute of modern physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences provides) ¹²C⁶⁺ ion beam through mutagenesis. Three alfalfa seeds are irradiated by dose of 0Gy, 200Gy, 400Gy, 800Gy and 1200Gy. The germination experiment of alfalfa seed has been done in the laboratory. And in the field, The germination rate , plant height and branch number of planting experiment in the field have been preliminarily observed. The results show that three kinds of alfalfa seeds irradiated at 200Gy not only improve the germination rate, but also enhance the vitality of seeds. The germination rate , plant height and branch number of three different alfalfa irradiated by heavy beam ion have been changed. The germination rate of ZhongLan No. 1 was 41.7% when the seed of alfalfa were irradiated at dose of 200Gy, which was increased 18.4% compared with the control group. The average height of growth of 40 days alfalfa in ZhongLan No. 1 was 6.68cm in the radiation dose of 800Gy, which was increased 1.2cm compared with the control group. The number of branches Tacheng alfalfa was increased the 0.91 (5.16vs 4.25, P <0.001) by irradiated of 400 Gy ; Branch number in BC-04-744 alfalfa was increased 0.53 (4.69 vs 5.22, P <0.05) in the radiation dose 200Gy; The number of branches in ZhongLan No. 1 was increased 0.92 (5.02 vs 5.94, P <0.001) when seeds were irradiated at dose of 800Gy .which has great significance of practical guidance for breeding alfalfa seeds and solving the problem of low breeding capacity of wild grass seed .

Abstract: The effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on the disease resistance and storage quality of citrus fruits were investigated through inoculation and storage. The results showed that SNP treatment could effectively reduce the disease incidence and lesion diameter of satsuma mandarin inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. during storage. Compared with control, weight lose rate degraded, but soluble protein, ascorbic acid (ASA), reducing sugar content and SSC/TA ratio increased in SNP treated fruits. 50 μmol•L^-1 SNP treatment had the better effect than 30 and 100 μmol•L^-1 SNP treatment.

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to determine the ensiling characteristics and microbial changes of fodder ramie silage treated without additive (Control), or with molasses (M), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and mixtures of lactic acid bacteria and molasses (LABM). Triplicate samples were randomly opened on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 of ensiling for sampling and the contents were processed for quality assessment and laboratory analysis. Compared with control silage, addition of M and LABM decreased pH and butyric acid while increasing lactic acid during ensiling (P < 0.05). For the LAB treatment, the pH value declined slowly at initial days then kept relatively stable at about 5.39 and the concentration of lactic acid increased for the first 7 days then maintained stable until day 60. The control silage showed a rise in pH and a significant decline in lactic acid concentration at later stage. Microbial changes had similar trend during ensiling for all the treatments where the lactic acid bacteria increased at initial days then showed a decline at later stage. Furthermore, LAB treatment had the highest (P<0.05) lactic acid bacteria population at almost all ensiling periods. It was concluded that both M and LABM treatment can improve the fermentation quality of fodder ramie silage to some extent, but the effects of adding lactic acid bacteria still need further research.

Abstract: In this paper, corn grits, glutinous rice and grits and glutinous rice mixture were fermented with Angel Rhizopus Sp. Results showed that the fermentation performance of glutinous rice was better than that of the grits, but it was similar to that of grits and glutinous rice mixture (6:4). Fermentation time had an effect on the flavor quality of the fermented product. At 28°C, the ratio of producing acidity began to slow down at 24 h while reducing sugar content continuously increased till 60 h. At 40~48 h, the flavor of the fermented product tasted best. By using HP-SPME-GC/MS, 24 kinds of volatile compounds from the products fermented for 48h were identified, among them there were 12 kinds of alkane, 2 kinds of alkene, 4 kinds of alcohols, 1 kind of acids, 4 kinds of esters and 1 kind of ketone respectively, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethanol and tetradecane, as the main volatile compounds in 3 kinds of fermented products,, accounted for over 80% the total peak area. Alcohols, acids, esters and ketone are the main compounds to form the special flavor of rice wine.