Advanced Materials Research Vols. 524-527

Abstract: Food allergy has become a serious public health problem. Nowadays several treatments were employed for reducing the allergenicity from food. The paper mainly reviews the application of microbial fermentation in the reduction of the allergenicity from different foods.

Abstract: The preparation of sweet potato distarch phosphates which possess low digestibility was optimized in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving STMP concentration, pH, phosphorylation temperature and time was used, and second-order model for starch digestibility was employed to generate the response surface. The optimum condition for preparation of sweet potato distarch phosphates was as follows: STMP concentration 3%, pH 10, phosphorylation temperature 40°C, and phosphorylation time 3h. The starch digestibility of sweet potato distarch phosphates was yield of 0.5508±0.0003 (n=3) under these conditions.

Abstract: Gandoerma lucidum is equipped with several kinds of bioactivity, and is considered as a very important medicinal ingredient of regimen and health care for Chinese medicine. This study has employed supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation device to continuously prepare ganoderic acid and phenolic compounds of ganoderma lucidum, and experiment design is conducted in coping with diverse pressure, temperature, and flow rate as experiments variables to conduct experiment design. Thus supercritical extraction is being employed to collect and extract different materials from sections, so that optimized trend of terms and conditions can be used to predict the test. As shown from the results, if lower temperature as 40°C and high pressure 30 MPa are chosen, working in conjunction with flow rate of low sample 3 ml/min, it can reach the optimized effect of purification with regarding to ganoderic acid and phenolic compounds. If the concentration of fractionation liquid stays at 1.0 g/L, its power of scavenging will be F1(60%)＞F2(50%)＞F3(30%)＞R(28%), whereas half of the inhibition concentration will respectively be R(2.67 g/L)＞F3(2.29 g/L)＞F2(0.97 g/L)＞F1(0.76 g/L), and the antioxidant capacity of F1 fractionation liquid is considered the best.

Abstract: Four samples of banana stems and leaves were prepared, which were processed through adding no additives, adding molasses, adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and adding both LAB and molasses respectively. In order to find out the regular pattern of microbial flora, microbial flora of each sample was analyzed during ensiling. It was found out that growth of LAB reached its peak of 6.4×107～7.8×109 CFU/g FM in the 6th day of ensiling, growth of aerobic bacteria reached its peak of 2.8×104～5.6×104 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling, and growth of yeast reached its peak of 8.6×104～5.8×106 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling. All of the samples with different way of processing showed the same trend that growth of microbial flora number were increased gradually and then decreased. It were also found out that decrease of pH value had relation with LAB number, and decrease of pH value were lagged behind the peak number of LAB, and number of aerobic bacteria and yeast were decreased with reproducing of LAB and decline of pH value. Nutrition constituent of forage made of banana stems and leaves was as follows: Dry matter 32.27%～33.59%，Crude protein 7.42%～8.16%, Acid detergent fiber 38.21%～41.43%. Quality of silage added with molasses, LAB and both molasses and LAB were better than that with no additives.

Abstract: Phyllanthus emblica L. was abundant with Vc, SOD and other nutrients. In order to find a rapid and low loss way for its solid product, spray-drying was tested on its juice. According to orthogonal experiment, the best drying condition was selected as the concentration of 0.22g/mL, input temperature of 120°C and air velocity of 0.65m3/min. With the optimal drying, it was yielded the highest amount of powder at 57.4% and 52.6% of Vc in raw juice was maintained in the dried product. The final powder was still full of SOD and its inhibition rate to autoxidation velocity of pyrogallol was 29.6%. Color, particle size, flavor, taste and resolubility were well available to solid beverage requirment. It was indicated that the technique was efficient for the drying of P. emblica L. and the dried product was anti-oxidative to some extent.

Abstract: The cultivation of Lentinan edodes as a carrier for Se, low concentrations of sodium selenite solution were added directly to the medium to inorganic selenium be absorbed into the mushroom body, and selenium-enriched Lentinan edodes can be got. Using selenium-enriched mushrooms as raw material, it was preliminarily studied that patterns of occurrence of selenium and the contents of Selenoprotein and Se-polysaccharide in their fruiting bodies of mushrooms. Various extraction solvents were used to distill and separation Se-polysaccharide and Se-protein of the Lentinan edodes, and atomic absorption spectrometer was used to determine the selenium contents of all component parts. The results showed that Lentinan edodes have the ability of enrichment selenium and can transform inorganic selenium in the environment into organic selenium. The main group of Selenium is organic state. The selenium in protein occupied the total selenium 40.09%, In the four components of selenium protein, water-soluble proteins of selenium is main (21.65% of the total selenium).The selenium in polysaccharide occupied the total selenium 27.83%. Mass fraction of acid-soluble Se-polysaccharide than in water-soluble Se-polysaccharide and alkali-soluble Se-polysaccharide is higher (13.52% of total selenium). The main distributed form of the selenium is from the organic matter in the analyzed Lentinan edodes, the combined selenium in protein was higher.

Abstract: Wheat lodging results in great losses of wheat production about 10%~30% every year. It is very important to study the lodging and to find new way to improve the quality of wheat stalks and its anti-lodging characteristics. The study about the changing of wheat stem mechanical properties with the elastic modulus and stem structure is carried on the basement of theoretical model, experimental improvement, and finite element method. Results show that the stem is more difficult to lodge if the ratio is bigger, which can be calculated through elastic modulus multiplying wall thickness and divided by diameter.

Abstract: Three glucocerebroside molecular species, AJC-1, AJC-2 and AJC-3, have been isolated from the less lipid fraction of the chloroform–methanol extract of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonica by repeated column chromatography. The structures of these glucocerebroside molecular species were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The composition of three glucocerebrosides (AJC-1, AJC-2 and AJC-3): fatty acids were mainly saturated (C18:0), monounsaturated (C24:1) and α-hydroxyl fatty acids (C24:1h, C23:0h and C22:0h), the structures of long-chain base were dihydroxy (d18:2, d17:1 and d17:0) and trihydroxy (t17:0), and the glycosylation was mainly glucose. Three glucocerebroside molecular species were evaluated for activity in vitro assays for the cytotoxic activities against human colonic cancer cell line (Caco-2).

Abstract: This paper employs the ecological footprint analysis method to analyze the ecological footprint of the import and export trade of major agricultural products during the years of 1990-2009 in China. The results indicate that the footprint of the main agricultural products’ import and export of China presents obvious two-stage characteristics: during the years of 1991-2001, the import and export trade as a whole tended to be stable with ecological deficit; however, during the years of 2001-2009 the import trade increased significantly. The export trade tended to be stable. There was ecological surplus in successive years. In order to promote the sustainable development of China’s major agricultural products, we should optimize the industrial structure of the major agricultural products, implement the technical improvement of crops, ameliorate the ecological environment of crop production, and promote the development strategy of agricultural trade.

Abstract: As one of the top five most seriously polluted cities by acid rain in the southwest of China, Nanchong was selected as one of 18 pilot cities of China for Clear Energy Action (CEA) by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and China National Science and Technology Ministry (NSTM) from 2001-2005. We analyze and discuss the economic, social, and environmental significance and impacts of the substitution of coal with natural gas in Nanchong. Nanchong city is one of eighteen cities that have been selected by the Department of Science and Technology and UNDP cooperative project for “applying technology of sanitary energy sources, decreasing ability of atmosphere polluted of city.” The amount of polluting substances in Nanchong’s atmosphere has been reduced significantly as a result of the project that replaced coal with gas, carried out from 2000 to 2010.