Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) (CSt-g-PAA) hydrogels were prepared from cassava starch and acrylic acid by graft polymerization. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). Additionally, the water absorbency and hygroscopic swelling properties of the hydrogels were investigated respectively. The two processes were simulated using mathematical modes. The results revealed that the crystal structure of starch was destroyed. At 40°C and relative humidity 90% (90% RH), the samples (starch mass15%, 50%) have a better performance of the moisture absorption. Hygroscopic rate declined with the increase of relative humidity.

Abstract: The temperature dependence of the dynamics of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) solution with high salt concentration was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that there existed fast mode and slow mode in NaLS aqueous solution. After enough addition of salt (1.2 M NaCl), slow mode in NaLS solution disappeared when NaLS molecules became electric neutrally. On this basis, the NaLS molecules aggregated and leaded to the re-formation of slow mode if the temperature of NaLS solution was above 311.15K. There was no splitting phenomenon in correlation function and size distribution when slow mode appeared under room temperature in NaLS solution. The correlation function would split into two stages when the size difference between fast and slow modes exceeded certain limit.

Abstract: According to the results of the single temperature on Monascus anka mutant growth and monascus yellow pigments production in this paper, two stages in the fermentation temperature control strategy has been operated as following: the temperature was 34°C to improve the Monascus growth before culture 48 hour and then 32°C was carried out to improve theItalic text yellow pigments production. The results demonstrated that two stages temperature control at 96 hours, the yield of monascus yellow pigments can arrive 164.51 OD units, it was 180.35%, 2165.48%, 107.66%, 5.76%, 33.23%, 36.74% higher than that of 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 36°C fermentation, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate(µ) and the maximum specific production rate of yellow pigments( q_y) could arrive 0.0528 h-1 and 0.404 OD.g-1.h-1, and it was 5.30% and 3.22% higher than that of 34°C and 32°C, respectively. The specific production rate of yellow pigments was varied from 0.2 OD.g-1.h-1 to 0.4 OD.g-1.h-1 in whole fermentation. Two stage temperature control strategy could improve the yellow pigments production, increase µ and and short the culture time.

Abstract: The crude extract of Eucommia ulmoids leaves was separated and purified by resin, and polyphenols and flavoniods components in different contents were obtained. Two components, one of which contained more polyphenols (EUI), and one of which contained more flavoniods (EUII), were chosen for the anti-fatigue test. The anti-fatigue test shows that by comparing with negative control (NC) group, both EUI and EUII show anti-fatigue effect, however, EUI can more obviously prolong the weight-loaded swimming time, reduce the content of blood lactic acid (LA) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN), increase the content of hepatic glycogen and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In other words, the component containing more polyphenols show more anti-fatigue effect than the component containing more flavoniods. That means polyphenols might be the main ingredient in Eucommia ulmoids leaves to exhibit anti-fatigue effect.

Abstract: In the North China plain, serious Non-point-source (NPS) pollution and drought are two great concerns in agricultural production. In our studies, two typical chemical agents ( SAP and FA ) were selected to control drought and pollution in a cheery orchard. Soil water content, nutrient transport in soil profile have been researched. The results showed that the soil water content of treatments with chemical agents increased maximally by 19.4% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 35.2% for Ammonium-N in 20-60 cm soil layer ( main root zone ). However, in 60-120 cm deeper soil layer, the water leakage of treatments with chemical agents decreased averagely by 15.1% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 43.8% for Nitrate-N. The chemical agents hold water and nutrient in root zone and thus reducing the risk of pollutant leaching into the underground water. It can be found that treatment ( 150kg/h㎡ SAP + 300 times FA ) is the optimal combination group in all treatments. The chemical prevention technology provided a new guide for controlling drought and reducing NPS pollution in cherry planting in the North China plain.

Abstract: Magnetic hydroxyl microspheres were prepared by suspension polymerization and activated by epoxy chloropropane. The magnetic particles were characterized in terms of chemical composition, particle size and electrophoretic mobility. These epoxy-activated magnetic particles were assessed as a new carries for immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) by covalent coupling. The oriented PGA immobilization was achieved by employing the interaction electrostatic repulsion between PGA and magnetic supports through adding the phenyl acetic acid (PAA), which resulted in a 1.194-fold increase in the enzyme activity yield as compared to that of untreated PGA. No activity of immobilized PGA was lost after 20 cycles and about 94.28% enzyme activity was retained at the end of the 80th cycle in the batch reaction system.

Abstract: Using cherry tomatoes as raw materials, the experiment studies its antioxidant activity in different fermentation conditions . By measuring the content of flavonoid,and polyphenols, clearance to DPPH •and OH• , and reducing power of cherry tomatoes wine in different fermentation conditions, theantioxidation capability can be judged. The results show that content of alcohol achieves 16 °, concentration of SO2 is110 mg/L, fermentation time is between3 d and 4 d, the antioxidant ability of cherry tomato fruit wine is optimum.

Abstract: A low field magnetic resonance technique was used to analyze the water mobility character about wheat starch and its resistant starch (RS) suspensions at different water activity. RS was obtained from wheat starch by high temperature and high pressure method. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to evaluate the variation between the starch and RS after treatment. Compared with the original starch, it was suggested that the capacity of combining water of RS was stronger than starche from the NMR relaxation parameters, but RS’s water holding capacity (WHC) was lower than that of starch. Experiments indicated that water mobility character was lower in RS. This study on the water mobility character of starch and RS was significant for the starch industry, and showed the perspective of NMR and MRI technique potential utilization in the food science field.

Abstract: Microorganisms were obtained by separation and purification experiment from waxy oil production wells in Daqing Oilfield. The paraffin removal strain was named for S1, and the biological surfactant strain was named for G1. Microscopic and morphological examinations showed strain S1 was to be Bacillus Subtilis and strain G1 was to be Bacillus Cereus. As an indicator of the degradation of paraffin, strain S1 and strain G1 were added in different proportions, the optimum proportion was 5:2. In this proportion the degradation rate of paraffin could reach to 64%, the prevention rate of paraffin could reach to 55%. By experiment after mixed bacteria group treatment, the viscosity of crude oil reduced from 36.9mPa•s to 27.8mPa•s, the reduction rate of viscosity was 24.7%, and the freezing point of crude oil reduced by 3.6°C, paraffinic hydrocarbons of crude oil were degraded.

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in the development of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. However, horizontal drilling in unconsolidated and soft coal seam for CBM drainage and exploitation often results in wellbore instability. This paper proposed degradable drilling fluid in CBM horizontal drilling which not only can maintain wellbore stability, but also minimize formation damages caused by drilling fluid. Its factors of gel breaking ratio were systematically studied from the aspects as substrate concentration, pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and reaction time. We found that in a condition when enzyme concentration is abundant, increasing of substrate concentration would result in higher gel breaking ratio. Furthermore, nearly neutral pH (pH≈7), moderate temperature (40°C~60°C), enzyme with higher concentration and longer action time (more than 3 hours) could enhance gel breaking ratio.