Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: Seasonal species composition, abundance variations of phytoplankton were investigated during six cruises conducted in Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay, between April 1997 and May 1999. The results showed that there were 181 species of phytoplankton were identified and most belong to diatom species. The seasonal change of species and dominant species were obvious. Phytoplankton abundance was on the trend of rising with diatom dominated which showed that the artificial reef putted in this area played a role in promoting the primary productivity. The K-dominance curve suggested that the community diversity of the phytoplankton decreased from May 2008, August 2008, April 2007, May 2009, March 2008 to November 2008, and the range of seasonal variations were obvious, which showed that the phytoplankton community structure was unstable. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the abundance and spatial distribution of phytoplankton were affected greatly by the water temperature, salinity, transparency, suspended matter and dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: Analysis of 4 sampling surveys on Jiangsu Shilianghe reservoir in May, July and October of 2011 and January of 2012, 109 species of algae belonging to 7 divisions were totally identified. The green algae and diatoms were the main species while Euglena and Cryptomonas were rare. The algal cell density in each season was compared as follows: summer (63.77 × 1000000 / L) > autumn (61.87 ×1000000 / L) > spring (43.31 ×1000000 / L) > winter (37.922 ×1000000 / L). Algae Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou indexes of each season were compared and described as follows: summer (2.71, 0.41) > winter (2.09, 0.32) > autumn (2.05, 0.31) > spring (1.85, 0.28). The Margalef indexes of each season were compared as follows: summer (1.51) > spring (1.38) > autumn (1.19) > winter (0.86). The water quality was assessed as α-medium pollution according to biological indicators. Sand mining, cages and obstruction between rivers and lakes may be the main reasons that lead to high algal cell density and low index of species diversity.

Abstract: A method of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is presented to improve the detectability of CO under high temperatures with a mass of interference referred as Dynamic subtract from background technique. By simultaneously fitting both the water background and the 2f-wm-CO curve to the measured (combined) spectrum, the limitation of CO detection is improved at high temperatures using the telecommunication distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The R14 in the υ=0υ=3 overtone band (1653.6 nm) has been investigated with the dependence of temperatures and water concentrations. Hundreds ppmm of limitation of CO detection can be achieved in media with tens of percent water at 850 °C with an accuracy of a few percent.

Abstract: Based on monitoring data of air pollution index (API) and meteorological data from January 2009 to December 2012 in Xingtai, the variation characteristics of PM₁₀ mass concentration were analyzed and the relationships between PM₁₀ mass concentration and air pressure, wind speed, temperature, vapor pressure, relative humid and sunshine duration were investigated for four seasons using SPSS software. The results showed that the PM₁₀ mass concentration was 86.5, 83.3, 85.0 and 80.4 μg m^­3, and the differences were not obvious tending to be a weak downward trend from 2009 to 2012. The percentage of the excellent and good air quality was high during the period and the mild and light pollution mainly appeared in December. The PM₁₀ mass concentration showed significant seasonal variations with a higher value in winter and fall and a lower value in spring and summer. The relationship between PM₁₀ mass concentration and meteorological factors showed some differences in different seasons. The PM₁₀ mass concentration had negative correlation with air pressure and sunshine duration and positive correlation with vapor pressure, temperature and wind speed in spring. The PM₁₀ mass concentration was negatively correlated with air pressure and sunshine duration, but positively correlated with vapor pressure and temperature in summer. The PM₁₀ mass concentration was negatively correlated with temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure and sunshine duration in fall. The PM₁₀ mass concentration had negative correlation with wind speed, sunshine duration and air pressure and positive correlation with vapor pressure and relative humidity in winter.

Abstract: The input and output amount of the total mercury in coal-fired power stations was calculated in the year of 2010 and 2015. By 2015 the emissions of mercury discharged from coal-fired power plant to the atmosphere will reduce, the mercury contented in the solid waste will increase, and the amount of mercury in the waste water will be flat compared with the year of 2010.

Abstract: The Yinyang Sea phenomenon in Liandong Bay at the northeast corner of Taiwan is regarded as being the result of pollution caused by ore refining by the Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation. The Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation has been closed since 1987; however, the phenomenon still exists. According to the research findings, the Yinyang Sea phenomenon in Liandong Bay is the result of natural weathering. The suspended substance in the bay is Fe (OH)₃, which is not a pollutant announced by Environmental Protection Administration, and the Fe (OH)₃ is mostly caused by natural weathering reactions; this is why the Yinyang Sea phenomenon occurred before the foundation of the Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation and continues to occur 25 years after the closure of the mine. The distribution of various elements is not uniform, and the original geologic background values of many regions exceed present environmental standards. If the water quality and soil background data of different geologic environments in Taiwan are not investigated as soon as possible, the mining industry may be misrecognized as being responsible for environmental pollution due to unknown geologic anomalies, as Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation was, and this may cause meaningless disputes over economic development and environmental protection.

Abstract: Construction project completion and acceptance of environmental protection, fugitive emissions of air pollutants monitoring sites based on the Integrated emission Standard of air pollutants (GB16297-1996) and Technical guidelines for fugitive emission monitoring of air pollutants and the relevant technical documents. The main source of fugitive emissions was production equipment obsolete, unreasonable design, operational errors, improper command and poor management. Existing problems: too theoretical, poor operability, from monitoring sites to point measured project location far, representative is not strong. Recommendations that distribution specification,always pay attention to fugitive emissions sampling,scientific and rational way to find the maximum concentration, Monitoring points arrangement as far as possible with less points to achieve better representative monitoring data .

Abstract: Defense Meteorological Satellite-Operational Linescan System night-time emission data was applied as a proxy approach to assess urbanization level. Using this approach, it was found the spatial distribution of annual haze days was consistent with that of night-time light intensity in Zhejiang. The intensities of haze and night-time light in Northeastern Zhejiang were greater than those in Southwestern Zhejiang, and the same intensities were higher in coastal areas (than inland areas). The distributions of haze and night-time light both presented the features of regional clusters and boundary crossing between urban and rural areas. From 1960 to 2010, the annual haze days exhibited three change phases separated by two change jumps around 1979 and 2000. The first and second change jumps corresponded to the reform and opening-up and to the intensified urbanization, respectively. A close relationship between haze and total night-time light was found, and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9. In the long term, a negative correlation between relative humidity and visibility was observed, but the synchronous delaying trends of relative humidity and visibility reveal that the visibility delay was induced by increased pollutants. A comparison of the change trends of relative humidity, particle concentration, and visibility in Hangzhou and Linan indicates that an atmosphere with drier and heavier air pollution surrounds urban areas. Therefore, urbanization has a significant impact on haze.

Abstract: In this paper, multiple actively-controlled fans generate outdoor near-surface airflow in a wind tunnel with once-through openings. The wind tunnel system consists of 6 groups of fans installed on rotatable plates in a rectangular inlet. We use a stochastic strategy to control the fans and the rotatable plates to regulate wind speed and direction that fluctuate according to the pattern of outdoor near-surface airflow. We utilize the statistics and multi-scale methods to analyze the effectiveness of the strategy for simulating the outdoor near-surface airflow. We provide comparison studies on the multi-scale entropy of wind speed, wind stability, and the standard deviation of directions between out-door wind and the tunnel generated wind. Results show that a flow field akin to the near-surface airflow in outdoor environments can be produced by the wind tunnel using the stochastic control strategy, which can be considered as a reliable experiment environment for gas pollution source localization research in outdoor near-surface breeze conditions.

Abstract: Extremely high atmospheric boundary layer is observed during 29 May to 3 June 2000 over Dunhuang in Northwest China. Average height of the atmospheric boundary layer is more than 3500m during the observation. Environmental conditions such as wind related to the extremely high atmospheric boundary layer are analysed combined with numerical simulation. Of the first three days in the observation there are low-level jets and large wind shear near surface observed on 29 and 31 May. Wind speed variation in these three days agrees well with variation of the atmospheric boundary layer heights. WRF model is applied to simulate atmospheric boundary layer height and investigate wind characteristics. The model simulation ability is checked and the simulation results find a significant west jet exists over northern Dunhuang. The momentum from the jet transfers downward to Dunhuang to supply kinetic energy developing atmospheric boundary layer. At last two sensitive experiments are performed to study wind effect on the height. The sensitive experiments demonstrate that wind as a lateral boundary parameter heavily influences the atmospheric boundary layer development.