Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: The objective of the present research was to establish a rapid analytical method for paeoniflorin and moisture in Xiaoyao Pills (condensed) by near-infrared spectroscopy. The near-infrared spectral data of 97 samples was collected by Nicolet 6700 NIR spectrograph,and the reference value of index component content were obtained by HPLC and oven-drying method. Then the multivariate calibration model of paeoniflorin and moisture were established by patrical least square (PLS) and predicting the content of unknow samples. The results showed that the correlation coefficients (R2) of the quantitative calibration model for paeoniflorin and moisture were 0.99774,0.95352, the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.00489,0.132,the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.00827,0.177. The results indicated that NIRS can provide a simple and accurate way for the fast determination of index component in large numbers of Xiaoyao Pills (concentrated).

Abstract: To establish a rapid analytical method for Loganin in Qiju Dihuang Pills (condensed) by Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Technique. Collecting NIR spectra by NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, the partial least square calibration model was built. The correlation coefficients (R²) and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.99764 and 0.09340, respectively. In the external validation,coefficients of determination (r²) between NIRS and HPLC values was 0.97348,the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.08491. The results showed that the method was rapid, accurate, and could be applied to the fast determination of Loganin in Qiju Dihuang Pills (condensed).

Abstract: In this article,Cordyceps militaris,that from Hubei and Yunnan,were used as the research objects, to extract seleno-polysaccharide ,then the antioxidant activity of seleno-polysaccharide were determined by reducing power,the scavenging capacity on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical.The results indicated that,the content of selenium in Hubei and Yunnan Cordyceps militaris samples were 210.0μg/g and 57.5μg/g,respectively;the share of Se-polysaccharide in total selenium were 11.086% and 26.713%,respectively,lower degree to turn the selenium organic in Hubei Cordyceps militaris.The reducing power of seleno-polysaccharide from Hubei and Yunnan Cordyceps militaris were 0.0253,0.0297,respectively;two kinds of Cordyceps militaris have certain ability to remove superoxide anion radical and different between them,the seleno-polysaccharide of Yunnan Cordyceps militaris has a better effect to remove superoxide anion radical under different sample amount.About hydroxyl radical,there were no ability to remove it.

Abstract: In the process of supply chain management, the environmental impact is one important concern. Carbon footprint is a popular metric to quantify a products greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and assist supply chain management. In this paper, carbon footprints were calculated for three common milk products, 180 g Yogurt, 250 mL Fluid milk and 400g Skim milk powder (SMP) at the product brand level (YiYi^®). The results demonstrated the well comprehensiveness and practicality of carbon footprint as streamlined indicator in supply chain management for agri-food products. The carbon footprints were compared among different life cycle stages as well as different products, and possible mitigation strategies were put forward for GHGs reductions. The relative contributions that different phases over the supply chain make were highlighted. On-farm emissions from cropping and livestock subsystems made up the majority of the carbon footprint, which deserved special attention in agri-food sector.

Abstract: According to the principles for index design, based on the existing index systems of other related industries, this paper proposed the conceptual model of internal potential influence factors for integration of freshwater fishery industry chain. On such basis, this paper screened out the observed variables that explain each influence factor, i.e. bottom indexes, established the comprehensive evaluation index system for integration of freshwater fishery industry chain, and then constructed the structural equation model for integration of freshwater fishery industry chain, and fitted and optimized the model by confirmatory factor analysis. Principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the integration performance of freshwater fishery industry chain.

Abstract: In this study, hawthorn fruit and blackcurrant were used as natural materials for studying processing technology of compound functional beverage. The optimal enzymolysis condition, clarification and color-preserving of this compound beverage were evaluated in order to provide basic data and scientific basis for the compound functional beverage development.

Abstract: The single factor and orthogonal tests were designed to study the perfect conditions of extracting total flavononids from Netted Melon and the antioxidant activity of the extract. Firstly,the best conditions of extracting total flavononids from Netted Melon by single factor and orthogonal test was:ultrasonic power was 60%(250W) ,concentration of ethanol was 90%(V/V),extraction time was 60min ,volume of ethanol was 25mL.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of flavonoids was 0.2247 mg/g,which was 88.43% of the result of soxhlet,while,the time was 25% of soxhlet,from which the work efficiency was greatly improved. Then Prussian blue, Pyrogallol autoxidation, Phenanthroline and DPPH were used to research the antioxidant activity of flavonoid. It shows that flavonoid of Netted Melon can remove DPPH and hydroxyl radical strongly, also it has reducing capacity, but its ability of oxygen radical scavenging is poor.

Abstract: The effects of different yeast extracts (YEs) and the growth-limiting factors (L-leucine) on the growth of Escherichia coli and the yield of L-tryptophan (Trp) were investigated in this study. YE A was most beneficial for the Trp production and DCW among five YEs. The maximum DCW was 0.646 g/L (36.6% higher than the control) when 0.4845 g/L Leu was supplemented in 100 ml media in a 500 ml flask, and the maximum yield of Trp was 0.0259 g/L, which was about 52.4% higher than the control (0.0170 g/L). Furthermore, the maximum DCW was up to 23.9 g/L (34.3% higher than the control) when 0.4845 g/L Leu was supplemented in a 10 L fermenter, and the maximum yield of Trp was 0.983 g/L, which was about 34.8% higher than the control (0.729 g/L). These results indicated that Leu was beneficial for the growth of Escherichia coli and the yield of Trp.

Abstract: Acid and bile are primary natural barriers in the gastrointestinal tract, and tolerances of the probiotics help to survive and exert their beneficial effects. Eight lactic acid bacteria strains were selected based on cholesterol-lowering ability from Chinese traditional kefir grain, named lactococcus lactis subsp lactis KS4, J4, P1 and P5, lactobacillus casei KTx, KL1 and J1 and streptococcus thermophilus Tx. The strains were cultured in MRS medium (pH 3.0 and 0.3% bile salt). Acid and bile salt tolerances were evaluated by measuring and comparing optical density values at 600nm (OD₆₀₀). The o-phthalaldehyde method (OPA) was used. The cholesterol-lowering rate of strains KL1 and J1 are 60.1% and 55.3% to simulated gastrointestinal adverse circumstance in vitro. The results indicate that lactobacillus casei KL1 and J1 are effective as probiotics with cholesterol-lowering activities.

Abstract: Thermophilic bacteria are widely existed in nature, and it has broadly application prospects in the degradation of organics. Here an aerobic thermophilic bacteria , which is named Z3, was isolated with high temperature cultivation. Z3 has well degradation ability to macromolecules organics such as starch, protein, lipid and cellulose .Z3 bacteria were identified as aerobic and Gram-positive Bacillus with spores, with the optimum growth temperature of about 65 °C.