Advanced Materials Research Vols. 860-863

Abstract: Removed at authors request

Abstract: Guerbet alcohol acrylate was synthesized using acrylic acid and guerbet alcohol alcohols as reactants, p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor and toluol as solvent by microwave irradiation heating instead of the conventional heating with oil bath. The structure of product was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and the effect of different reaction parameters was discussed in this paper. A procedure for the generation of fairly clean guerbet alcohol acrylate is well developed and the results indicated that under the appropriate reaction conditions the esterification rate of guerbet alcohol acrylate could be achieved above 98%.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the delignification mechanism of wheat straw pulping process. The lignin removal of pulping process is left in black liquor. The higher the black liquor lignin content is, the bigger the lignin of paper pulp is removed. The relations of black liquor lignin content and alkali concentration to pulping time are described in detail. The results show that delignification process is divided into two stages: quick and slow stage. The lignin removal rate in the first stage is much higher than the second, that is, lignin has been removed more sufficiently after quick stage. In first stage, reaction order of delignification is 1.0, and 0.7 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 38.62 kJ • mol-1. The latter delignification also belongs to the first-order reaction and 4.4 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 75.56 kJ • mol-1. Apparently, slow stage needs to consume large amounts of energy to removal lignin.

Abstract: Fe-Mn metal oxides nanosized particles have been prepared by doping with La. The effects of promoters on the oxides were investigated by XRD, BET and other methods. XRD results revealed that the degree of crystallinity and particle size of mixed oxide phase decreased due to doping with La₂O₃. Addition of La led to a progressive increase in the surface area of the sample. Tests showed that the addition of 3 wt % La₂O₃ greatly improved the absorption sulfur capacity of the sorbent for COS removal. Keywords: Hydrogen utilized; Carbonyl Sulfide; Doping; La₂O₃

Abstract: The method of solvent division is adopted to separate asphaltene from Shengli heavy oil by n-heptane. ¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR spectrum of asphaltene were determined with a Bruker Avance 400 NMR spectrometer. Combining with the elemental analysis results, the aromatic-ring structure is main structural composition in the asphaltene. Asphaltene was catalyzed and cracked with naphthenate nickel as catalytic cracking catalyst in near-critical water. The suitable reactional condition was obtained by orthogonal experiment method, reaction temperature 300°C, the mass fraction of catalyst used 0.6%, reaction time 24h. By testing element content of cracked asphaltene, carbon element content had reduced 0.06%~0.80%; hydrogen element content had reduced by 0.74%~3.41%; oxygen element content had reduced by 3.12%~27.1%; nitrogen element content had reduced by 0.40%~13.47%; sulfur element content had reduced by 9.85%~31.26%.

Abstract: Suizhong 361 offshore oilfield has applied polymer gel to profile control operations. With the continuous injection of the polymer gel, packers had not been put down in the whole of profile job because of the special situation of offshore oilfield. It has resulted that the polymer gel not only blocked layer segments of high permeability, but also blocked the rest lays. This situation makes the subsequent construction impossible and fails to reach the purpose of profile control. Therefore an effective blocking remover is necessary to break down reservoirs and open the low permeability layers, so that the polymer gel will be continued injecting into the reservoirs for subsequent construction. The purpose of profile will be achieved. Based on the actual blocking situation of Suizhong 361 oilfield, as well as the blockage removing mechanism of plugging removal agent and the profile control mechanism of polymer gel, a new plugging removal agent formula has been developed by screening and optimizing the type and mass concentration of blocking removal agent. Research shows that degradation rate of the new formula has reached above 90%, which has an important practical significance for enhancing oil recovery and reducing the cost of oil production.

Abstract: Biodiesel orthogonal experiments require large amount of experimental data collected and in order to save experimental time, referring to the correlation coefficients analysis in probability theory, the factors which affect the yield of biodiesel are analyzed. Under the same reaction temperature, the range order is as follows: the molar ration of alcohol to oil, the dosage of catalyst and reaction of time. At the same time, it provides theoretical guidance for obtaining optimum reaction conditions .

Abstract: Solubility of the artificial synthesis Pb(AsO_4 )_3 Cl was studied at different pH and same temperature to get its solubility product Pb(AsO_4 )_3 Cl and formation free energy (∆G_f^0). The results showed that the solubility and stability of Pb(AsO_4 )_3 Cl were related to pH in the same temperature. The solubility of Pb(AsO_4 )_3 Cl was high in acidic environment (initial pH=2) and in initial pH=4,6 conditions its solubility as near as makes no difference. The ∆G_f^0 increased with increasing temperature.

Abstract: The feasibility of modified glycerol distillation residues (MGDR) used for chemical additives of cement was studied. MGDR showed good grinding and strengthen effect which was similar with triethanolamine (TEA), and the performance of MGDR was better in PC 32.5. Samples with MGDR showed lower heat of hydration than samples with same dosages of TEA, and the initial heat rate of hydration was as the order TEA> TEA + MGDR> blank. The hydration products of samples with MGDR were also similar with TEA, but the former showed more AFt crystals and less Ca (OH)₂.

Abstract: The article has studied the effects of ionic liquids on the induction time of methane hydrate formation under different mass concentrations, temperatures and pressures. The results show: all the tested ionic liquids can postpone the induction time of hydrate forming. Among them, imimidazolium-based ones have the strongest ability; The concentrations of ionic liquids also have strong effects on the induction time, and 0.5% is the most ideal. In addition the inhibiting abilities of ionic liquid on the induction time change with different pressures and temperatures, but not obviously.