Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: A determination method for formaldehyde based on micro-fluidic chip was developed in this study. Formaldehyde samples with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) and ammonium ferric sulfate were well mixed and reacted in a micro-fluidic chip, and signals in effluent were determined online. The correlation coefficient of calibration line was greater than 0.999, which indicated that signals of this device were highly positively correlated with formaldehyde concentration. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of same sample were less than 2% at different formaldehyde concentration levels, indicating perfect reproducibility of this method. Noteworthy, this method was affected significantly by temperature since the online signal was depended on the extent of reaction.

Abstract: The trend of climate change in Jianghan and Dongting Plain is obvious. The trend of climate change and its impact on the wetland were got through the unitary linear recursive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. That the air temperature is becoming higher made the algal bloom happens earlier. The precipitation has a significant negative correlation with the exposed days of bottomland. Meanwhile, the exposed days of bottomland has a positive correlation with the air temperature. The trend of climate warming has impact on the distribution, migratory route and breed time. The biodiversity decreased in the Jianghan and Dongting Plain.

Abstract: The study applied 2008-2012 hourly mass concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and PM₁₀ and air pollution indexes (API) to discuss the temporal variation of urban air quality in Nanchong, a southwest city in China. The results showed that the total annual mean SO₂, NO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations during the 5 years were 0.045±0.004mg/m³, 0.035±0.005mg/m³, 0.061±0.001 mg/m³, respectively. And the annual mean concentrations and API values presented decreasing tendency, which were less than the annual second-level air quality limit except for NO₂ (0.042mg/m³) in 2008. In addition, the monthly mean values in spring and winter were higher than those in summer and fall, which the maximum appeared in December, January and February and the minimum appeared in June, July and August. The ratio of reaching standard presented increasing tendency, but PM₁₀ and SO₂ were the main contribution to air pollution in Nanchong.

Abstract: The chemical speciation of metal (Fe, Al, Mn and Cr) elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils was investigated in upstream of the Pearl River, China. The result showed that Fe, Al and Cr in most of the samples, residual fractions accounted for more than 80% of their total concentrations. Mn in most of the samples, the reducible fractions were more than 40%, and generally more than residual fractions, oxidizable and weak acid soluble fractions. The mobility factors (MF) of Mn were the highest in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils, suggesting that the mobility of Mn were the strongest among the four metal elements. The MFs of Fe and Cr were almost zero, suggesting their mobility were low.

Abstract: A Chinese risk assessment procedure was developed to address active substances used in biologically active (biocidal) antifouling paints. The priority was to promote the use of environmentally friendly, technically and economically viable alternatives to DDT/TBT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane/tributyltin) in the control of marine fouling organisms. The procedure was based upon European Union Biocide Product Directive (EU-BPD) and International Standard Organization (ISO) method for the Environmental risk assessment of antifouling systems. In order to focus on Chinese national conditions, international templates were adapted to address regional differences. In the Chinese method, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity information is assessed on a step by step basis, allowing an antifouling substance to be defined as either Risk of high concern or Relatively low risk at the end of the decision making process. 4,5-Dichloro-2-n-Octyl-3-Isothiazolinone (DCOIT, Sea-nine), triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide (Capsaicin) and Zinc ethylene (bis) dithiocarbamate (Zineb), popularly used in China as active substance of antifouling paints, were reviewed according to the developed procedure. The preliminary results indicate that Sea-nine use in antifouling products can be considered low risk, whereas TPBP, Capsaicin and Zineb failed the screening procedure on the basis of bioaccumulation potential, persistence and an unacceptable risk ratio, respectively. Data availability was determined to be a critical factor in the assessments due to the application of Safety Factors for data-poor substances.

Abstract: The content of characteristic pollutants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene (BTEX) were determined by head-space-GC. A HP-FFAP capillary column was used in this method. In the mass concentration range of 14.8μg·L^-1~1760μg·L^-1, there were good linearity relationships between the GC peak areas and the mass concentrations of components with correlation coefficient above 0.999.The detection limits were in the rage of 2.0μg·L^-1~2.3μg·L^-1. Tests for recoveries and precision were made by standard addition method, values of recoveries and RSDs (n=6) found were in the range of 95%~105% and 0.8%~5.5%.

Abstract: The release characteristics of arsenic in coal and coal gangue was discussed in this paper. At firsrt, Coal and coal gangue were sampled in the study area, determination of the arsenic content and sulfur content in the coal. Then the occurrence of the arsenic was analyzed in coal by chemical extraction experiment , the characteristics of mineral distribution was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in the coal sample. At last, the release law of arsenic in coal and coal gangue was analyzed by coal combustion experiment and leaching experiment. The results showed that, with the combustion temperature increasing during the coal combustion process, the release rate of arsenic in coal increase the arsenic content in coal residue ash decrease gradually. In different temperature combustion process, the arsenic content in coal residue ash almostly no change, however, the release of arsenic rate had a significant difference between them. The release of calcium carbonate mineral composition of arsenic in coal had inhibitory effect The influence of the pH value of leaching liquor on the leaching amount of arsenic in coal gangue is great, the higher the acidity of leaching liquor, the greater the precipitation amount of arsenic in coal gangue. The arsenic content precipitated from coal gangue is relatively large in the initial leaching, while the arsenic content decreased with the leaching amount increasing.

Abstract: In order to investigate the possible pollution status in soils and underground water caused by arsenic in coal gangue, samples from Inner Mongolia mining area were collected and dynamic leaching experiments were conducted in laboratory to study the leaching level of arsenic and its migration in soils under different rainfall conditions. Results indicated that, concentration of arsenic in leachate is far below the third grade of National Environmental Quality Standards for groundwater; while concentrations of arsenic increased with the decreasing of pH of rainfalls. Concentrations of arsenic are in the descending trend with the increasing depths of soils after leaching; the changes of pH in leachate and soil are relevant to the initial pH value of leachate.

Abstract: Because of the continuous deterioration of urban ecological environment and the increasingly scarcity of comfortable environment, amenity became the core goal of human residence and urban development. To study the environmental amenity of Changchun, datas of different sources and scales were integrated and processed synthetically by taking GIS as technical means and the method of Principle Component Analysis as the methods to obtain the weights of the impact factors. The general score of the environmental amenity of the study area was 0.415 and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 39.85%. Meanwhile, the amenity satisfaction scores of the 46 streets were received by the sample survey of the resident subjective satisfaction of the study area. The functional relationship between the subjective satisfaction score and the objective indicators were obtained by the regression analysis method. The results showed that the factors contributing greater to improve the resident subjective satisfaction were the vegetation cover and the proximity to the cultural facilities. Also, a quantitative reference to improve the subjective satisfaction of the environmental amenity was provided in the new urban environmental conditions of the future.

Abstract: This paper studies the influence on environment provoked by the construction and operation freeway under marketization mode. Through the comprehensive analysis of influence to environment which is from marketization development mode freeway’s environmental protection investment, quality of project, devastation to natural and cultural environment, toll station operation. We found that there exists a mass of damages to natural and cultural environment, and the characteristic of marketization development mode results in derivative damages and repetitive pollution. At last, this article puts forward some solutions such as strengthening constitutional construction, enhancing supervision, completing and adjusting the marketization development mode.