Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: Low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs in surface water of Lake Baiyangdian were determined to assess the potential health risk when using as drinking water for children and adults. The concentration of LMW PAHs in surface water were in the range of 77.26-760.16 ng L^-1. Compared with similar results reported around the world, the level of LMW PAHs in this study was in the mid-range. The analysis of health risk indicated that risks from LMW PAHs in most part of the lake would not be risky to human health according to the acceptable risk level, while carcinogenic effects caused by LMW PAHs might occur if drinking water from Nanliuzhuang (NLZ), Shaochedian (SCD) and Laowangdian (LWD). Risks of LMW PAHs for children were apparently much higher than those caused by LMWs PAHs for adults.

Abstract: Strengthening the protection of potable water sources is the important measure to ensure potable water safety for people. Based on the investigation of potable water sources in Yangtze River Wuhan section, this paper analyses the potential fixed risk sources, flowing risk sources and other risk sources. To ensure water safety for people, the government should readjust the industrial structure, supervise industrial enterprises, improve the emergency system, coordinate departments linkage, and accelerate potable water sources protection project.

Abstract: It's necessary to pay much attention to the public safety issues of subway because of the rapid development of urban subway. Safety evacuation under different fire scenarios were simulated by using SIMULEX 2.0 at Metro transit station (Youth Street station) in Shenyang combined the actual structural characteristic. The results show that the evacuation capacity of Metro Line 1 is smaller than Metro Line 2; the staircase to the station hall of Metro Line 1 would be the bottleneck of the entire evacuation process; different paths have a great influence on the evacuation time; the staircase width from the platform to the station hall is the bottleneck in the evacuation procedure.

Abstract: Effects of nanoFe₃O₄ particles with different content on the soil urease and catalase activities in pakchoi planting soil were analyzed by pot culture. The results showed that after nanoFe₃O₄ was added the soil urease and catalase activities were significantly inhibited. In the groups treated with 1%, 2% and 3% nanoFe₃O₄, the soil urease activity was significantly decreased by 13.9%25.2%33.6% , and the soil catalase activity was significantly decreased by 9.59%10.26%33.04% compared with the control group. It followed that nanoFe₃O₄ played an inhibiting role in the soil urease and catalase activities, and the higher content of nanoFe₃O₄ was, the inhibition was stronger. Keywords: nanoFe₃O₄ particles; Urease activity; Catalase activity

Abstract: In order to evaluate the groundwater quality in the Xihe River Basin, the concentrations of fluoride (F^-), chloride (Cl^-), nitrite (NO₂^-), nitrate (NO₃^-), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and barium (Ba) of the groundwater were investigated in the three sections, Section I, II and III for the upstream, midstream and down stream, respectively. A method of Nemero composite index was used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The concentrations of nutrient salts of groundwater in the Xihe River basin decreased from the upstream to the midstream and downstream. The values of heavy metals were higher in the midstream than in the upstream and downstream. The groundwater had obvious nutrient-salt pollutions in the upstream and midstream. According to the Nemero composite index the F-values of groundwater were 9.5, 5.7 and 0.3 in the up-, mid-and downstream, respectively, indicated that the groundwater in the midstream and the upstream of Xihe River basin was polluted and extremely polluted, respectively. KEYWORDS: Groundwater quality, Nutrient salts, Heavy metals, Xihe River

Abstract: Concentrations of 6 kinds of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in sewage sludge from 20 typical municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jiangsu province were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . The results shows that the sewage sludge samples contain phthalic acid ester compounds, which total content of phthalic acid esters ( PAEs) range from 15.126 to 71.107 ug/g (dry sludge). The content of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the highest, which amounts more than 80% of total phthalic acid esters (PAE); the content of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is low ,which is less than 1.0 ug/g;Diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) are detected in each sludge sample, but which content display greater difference; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in most cities is not detected.

Abstract: Oil is a kind of important chemical raw materials, countries have put oil as an important sources of energy and actively expanded its strategic oil reserve along with our country energy strategy adjustment. The number of oil storage increases constantly, the tank farm scale expands unceasingly and fire accident of oil storage tank rises constantly. So it is an important measure for preventing the oil tank fire to analyze reason of oil tank fire and adopt corresponding fire prevention countermeasures.

Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in surface water of Lake Baiyangdian were determined to assess the potential health risk when using as drinking water for children and adults. The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in surface water were in the range of 2.74-11.50 ng L^-1 and 3.48-16.88 ng L^-1, respectively. Compared with similar results reported around the world, the level of OCPs in this study was in the mid-range. The analysis of health risk indicated that risks from OCPs in most part of the lake would not be risky to human health according to the acceptable risk level, while carcinogenic effects caused by α-HCH might occur if drinking water from Nanliuzhuang (NLZ) and Laowangdian (SCD). α-HCH and β-HCH were the dominating factors for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, respectively. Risks of OCPs for children were much higher than those caused by OCPs for adults.

Abstract: In order to detect the environmental pollutants in water sample with high sensitivity, an automatic method based on a combined preconcentration setup and flow injection system was developed. A novel packed fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) cartridge packed with electrospun nanofiber was first designed to adsorb environmental pollutants from water media in an online manner. Rhodamine B (RB) was selected as a model pollutant. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity of wide range between 25-1000 ng mL^-1 was achieved. The LOD was 7.5 ng mL^-1. The method was applied to analysis RB in water samples with satisfactory results.

Abstract: Dew is a crucial factor of water cycle in wetland ecosystem. This study aims to investigate the dewfall in Carex lasiocarpa marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. The experiment was carried out during the growing season from mid-May to mid-October in 2008 and 2009. Dew was monitored by woodsticks. Results indicated that dew intensity in 2008 was lower than it in 2009 obviously because of the much higher relative humidity in 2009. But annual dewfall was almost the same, which reached 8.76 mm and 8.38 mm in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The dew intensity reached the peak in August in both years. The Carex lasiocarpa marsh was the important site for the dew deposit.