Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: Marine environment is an essential aspect for the regional sustainable development. The distribution and trend of pollutant factors is a key guidance to environmental management. In this paper, the distribution and trend of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in marine environment waters is researched for guiding and improve the environmental impact assessment in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay. The natural neighbor grid method and the least squares fitting method are used for the distribution and the trend respectively. The research results show that the part of DIN exists exceeded forth level of water quality and the trend of DIN is on the rise in recently.

Abstract: The linear of nitrate standard curve and blank values were ​​affected by many factors such as blank water quality, temperature, etc. The seawater determination of nitrate optimization methods in this paper based on the GB "marine monitoring specification (seawater analysis)"GB12763.4-2007. It indicated that doubly distilled water with excellent pure sodium chloride for preparation of artificial seawater produce a good linear of standard curve and lowest blank value at 20 °C -25 °C.

Abstract: Environmental issues have become an important problem must be faced, which can not be avoided during economic development. To improve the living and ecological environment,environmental monitoring plays an important role in maintaining rapid and sustained economic development. It can response to the phenomenon and trends of environmental management accurately and comprehensively, and provides the basis of pollution control and environmental planning. This paper briefly described the definition and importance of environmental monitoring, then analyzed the status quo of the environmental monitoring, and pointed some of the deficiencies in the presence of current environmental monitoring. Finally, this paper proposed some suggestions during environmental monitoring to provide reference for environment monitoring in China.

Abstract: Inspection strategy is an important activity in processing plants, and one of the key tools used for such strategy is the risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology. Risk-based inspection is a methodology for optimization of inspection strategy. Based on principle of the risk-based inspection methodology in API 581, the risk assessment for vessels and pipelines in olefins conversion plant is carried out. The main failure modes and damage mechanisms of vessels and pipelines are identified. All vessels and pipelines in this plant are prioritized based on the level of risk. Risk reduction measures and optimal inspection strategy are proposed. This application of risk-based inspection will provide reference for the inspection of the olefins conversion plant.

Abstract: Heavy metals are important marine environmental factors for the safety and regional sustainable development. In this paper, the Caofeidian marine district in Tangshan Bay is considered as the case for the environmental research. The distribution and trend of heavy metal Pb in marine waters and sediment is analyzed by the natural neighbor grid method and the least squares fitting method. The enriched characteristic of Pb in different marine medium is studied by the trend of Pb in waters and the sediment. The research results show that the part of Pb exists exceeded forth level of water quality in 2007 and the trend of Pb in sediment is on the rise, oppositely in waters. The enriched characteristic analysis points out the object of environmental management.

Abstract: The biomass, carbon sequestration ability and surface characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions of the reed ecosystem were studied in this paper. This reed ecosystem locates in the western beach of Chongming Island which is situated in Yangtze River Estuary. The research target of reed covers about 300 hm². The biomass was measured by harvest method and the greenhouse gas emission rates were detected by static boxes-gas chromatography. The results showed that the scope of reeds biomass is between 9.10-21.11 kg·m^-2, and the average value is 16.85 kg·m^-2. The carbon sequestration range between in 4.04-9.38 kg·m^-2, and the average is 7.48 kg·m^-2. The total carbon sequestration of this reed ecosystem is about 9810 t·a^-1, and the net total carbon sequestration is about 8091.58 t·a^-1. These results indicated that reed ecosystem of wetland in mid-latitude has strong carbon sequestration ability, and net of carbon appears in the growing season.

Abstract: According to the characteristics of constant order in sequential clustering method, it takes a layer division of vertical section of drilling sediment, by taking the 46 geochemical test sample in the Jianghan Plain Zhoulao drilling as the research objects and on the basis of mathematical theory of sequential clustering. Due to the implication function of the division results in sedimentation process and geomorphic evolution, it can be speculated that the sedimentation in the Jianghan Plain may reveal the four stages since 2.77~2.68 Ma B.P., 2.68~2.23 Ma B.P., 2.23~1.25Ma B.P. and 1.25 Ma B.P. to present which corresponds to the evolution process of the river system from unstable to mature. It suggests the drainage area becaming larger that the dispersion degree of the trace elements compositions of these samples became less, REE, Y, Th, U) and Th/Sc, Co/Th, La/Sc, Cr/Cu ratios become smaller in the Pleistocene.

Abstract: In this paper, a systematic method is presented to evaluate the environmental impact of reclamation. In this method system, the numerical simulated results of hydrodynamics, water exchange and sediment are coupled and input into a nonlinear set pair coupling assessment model for the environmental impact assessment. This method is calibrated by case study of Tangshan Bay, which is an essential method for improving the environmental impact assessment of reclamation.

Abstract: The abundance and layered evolution vs. depth of dissolved and solid species of Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb were investigated both in extracted porewaters and in sedimentary solid materials. The chemical speciations between five geochemical phases (exchangeable fraction, carbonate fraction, Fe/Mn oxide fraction, organic fraction, and the residual) versus depth of the heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb) were gotten using five-step sequential extraction procedures. The concentration of metals in porewaters and of sedimentary solid phases was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Heavy metal concentrations do not have distinct patterns along the depth. In Bosten Lake, the total concentrations of Cu is relative plentiful. Sedimentary Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb are found mainly in the residual fraction (7096%). According to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), these sediments are Mn at between low and medium risk, Fe at no risk, Cu and Pb at low risk.

Abstract: With the support of GIS technology, in this paper, each index in the evaluation system was set to the spatial expression of 100m×100m grid scale. Subsequently, the spatial principal component analysis and hierarchy process-combination weighting method were used to express the spatial distribution of regional ecology security in study area. Some results show that:(1)The spatial distribution differences of regional ecology security are very obvious. (2)The maximum of SESI is 87.14 in Liangzhou District and its surroundings. Comparatively, the minimum value is 43.96 in north Minqin and edge of Tengery desert. This weakens interaction on ecological flowing in the basin as well as the capacity of ecological restoration between landscape patches. So the polarization of the watershed ecological security will become more seriously. (3)The ecological security and sustainable development of Shiyang River Basin are still in class of III(Threaten security) and class IV(insecurity).