Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: Ecosystems in the central of Yunnan karst plateau are very fragile due to thin soil layer and intensive infiltration capacity of rock fracture, which result in a very limited amount of water storage for plant uptake. Water retention in the soil zone and shallow fractured rock zone (subcutaneous) is a key factor for plant growth. Distinction of water sources taken by karst plants is a challenging task for botanists and hydrologists but is needed for ecosystem management. In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to investigate water sources for Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides primary forests at Shilin Geopark in Bajiang vally, central Yunnan of China. Proportions of water sources for plant uptake were determined by the δD and δ¹⁸O values of plant stem water, and water taken from soil layers and the subcutaneous zone. The analysis reveals that water was mainly taken from the soil layers and to less degree the subcutaneous zone as well. In dry seasons with scarce precipitation, plants in the primary forest were prone to take more water from subcutaneous zone and deeper layer of soil. Different species had different water use strategies, Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides took a larger proportional water from the deeper layer of soil, suggesting its deeper roots and wider range of shallower roots. However, Olea yunnanensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia extracted more percentage of water from the deeper soil water and subcutaneous water because of its deeper roots.

Abstract: In this study, fractal dimension index is applied to describe the complexity of 11 vegetation groups and 5 needle-leaf forest vegetation types in China. Basing on the Vegetation Map of China, we calculate the perimeter and area of vegetation patches with the software ArcGis. The relationship between perimeter and area is established for each vegetation group and vegetation type, and the corresponding fractal dimension index is estimated. The results show that, among the 11 vegetation groups, the Alpine vegetation is the most complex vegetation. In the 5 needle-leaf forest types, the subtropical and tropical mountains needle-leaf forest is the most complex vegetation. It seems that the complexity of vegetation is associated with altitude. The topography may be responsible for the complexity at different scales.

Abstract: Basing on field data of Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata and Quercus variabilis mixed forest (MF), Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forest (QF1) and Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forest (QF2) at different altitudes of Baotianman Mountain, we revealed biomass C storage of tree organs for each forest, and the distribution patterns of biomass C in different forests were also indicated. We found that total biomass C of forests decrease as altitude increase. The species mixed forest store more biomass C than others. However, biomass C storages at the scale 5m×5m vary dramatically for most of the plots. Biomass C storage in organs follows the law trunk>branch>root>leaf for all the three types of forests. It is interesting that biomass C of both above̶ and belowground are MF>QF1>QF2, whereas the ratios of aboveground/belowground biomass C are QF2 > QF1 > MF. Our results indicate that both altitude and forest type are key influence factors of forest biomass C in Baotianman Mountains.

Abstract: Based on the field investigation and data of relative information, a catalog of wild vegetable plants were created and the floristic of wild vegetable plants was analyzed. The results show that: (1) there are 183 species in 159 genera and 62 families of wild vegetable plants in the upper reach of the Minjiang River. It is abundant in wild vegetable plant species. (2)In geographical elements, the widespread families are dominant in numbers. Meanwhile, it is obvious that there are 24 pantropic families with its total number of 66.67 % (excluding the worldwide families). (3)To genera, the floristic composition of the temperate-based belongs to 82 genera with the total number of 51.57%.No doubt it is the dominant.

Abstract: With an investigation of the wild vegetable plant resources in the upper reach of the Minjiang River, it was found that there are 183 species of wild vegetables belong to 62 families and 159 genera. It can help comprehensively developing, utilizing and protecting the wild vegetable plant resources for the sustainable development.

Abstract: Seedlings of Michelia macclurei, Cinnamomum camphora, Rhodoleia championii and Mytilaria laosensis were placed in open-top chambers (OTC) with three ozonic treatments including E20 (20 ppb), E40 (nature air, 40 ppb) and E160 (160 ppb) and two water treatments. Root biomass, stem biomass and leaf biomass total biomass and root/shoot ratio of four seedling types were evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in impacts of ozone stress and drought stress on root, stem, leaf, and total biomass of M. macclurei among different treatments. The biomass of M. laosensis decreased with increasing ozone concentration, whereas biomass of C. camphora and R. championii changed irregularly. Most of the biomass of four kind seedlings under ozone and drought intercross stresses was lower than those under ozone stress. The root/shoot ratios of four seedling species were all low. The ratios under high concentration ozone (160 ppb) were lower than the control treatment. And the ratios of different treatments under drought were lower than those were not under drought when they were under the same concentration of ozone.

Abstract: Tibetan Antelope, Tibetan wild donkey and wild yak are protected endangered wild animals in China, the endangered ungulates in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. As the national first class protected wild animals in China, their survival and sustainability received extensive concern. We evaluate the habitat suitability in the alpine desert ecosystem. The percentages of high suitability habitat for Tibetan Antelope, Tibetan wild donkey and wild yak are 18.03%, 20.06% and 18.14%, respectively, mainly in the south and east of the alpine desert ecosystem. The habitat of Tibetan Antelope and Tibetan wild donkey are more similar for a certain overlap of their habit. The habitat of wild yak is more concentrated in the eastern. Major of the high suitability habitat are protected in the national nature reserves (NNRs), while there is still approximate 30% adjacent to the boundary of the reserves. The Qiangtang NNR's protection proportion is higher than others, and the conservation efficiency in the Kekexili NNR is highest, indicating the importance of Qiangtang NNR and the rational allocation of protection resource. The lower conservation efficiency in Arjin Mountain NNR may be due to the poorer geographical natural conditions.

Abstract: In this study, soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K, number of microorganism and enzyme activity were studied in a burned E. urophylla forest (the burned forest) and an unburned adjacent E. urophylla forest (the control) in Dongyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. This study aims at investigating the effects of a single wildfire on soil properties of an E. urophylla forest to provide basis for the recovery of soil fertility and management of burned E. urophylla forests. Significant differences were observed between the burned forest and the control in most of chemical properties. The wildfire significantly decreased the soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkali-hydrolyzable N and available K by 32.8%, 33.6%, 36.8%, 35.2%, 25.0% and 28.5%, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed in soil pH and available P. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in burned forest were significant lower than those of the control, while there was no difference in actinomycetes between the two forests. The urease, phosphatase and catalase activities were statistically significant lower than those of the control. The results suggested that there were significant effects on the E. urophylla forest 1 year after the wildfire and the recovery from the wildfire may take a long time.

Abstract: Over-application of nitrogen is widespread in greenhouse vegetable production in China and induces environmental problems. The nitrogen leaching lose from unsuitable irrigation has proved to be the bottleneck of reducing nitrogen application, and timely and adequate irrigation so became one of the key countermeasures for reduction of nitrogen application. This experiment was conducted to schedule irrigation with tensiometers and pan evaporation, probing the effects of that on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruit yield and soil nitrate. The results show that i) when Kcp=1.2, tomato obtain high yield while Kcp=0.4 or 0.8, the corresponding irrigation cannot meet plant need for water and lead to yield reduction, and ii) comparing with conventional irrigation, pan-evaporation-based irrigation schedules significantly reduce the amount of irrigation water to deeper soil layers, thereby limiting nutrient in soil solution downward, which results in much lower NO₃-N content in subsoil and greatly mitigate the risk of nitrate leaching loss.

Abstract: The PHD finger is a highly conserved structural domain in roles with regulating transcription and modification of chromatin structure. Forty-five PHD finger genes encoding PHD finger protein were identified from soybean (Glycine max) database. And sixty - four unique typical PHD finger domains were retrieved. NJ phylogenetic tree of all 64 PHD finger domains consisted of ten main clades (A-J). Subcellular localization analysis shows that Glyma06g33590.1, Glyma10g05080.1 and Glyma11g11720.1 may localize in Golgi body, chloroplast thylakoid membrane and mitochondrial inner membrane, respectively. The function of domain is loyal to the cause of protein situated in particular site of cell. Eight unique domains have been found concomitant with PHD domain in a certain protein. The cooperative relationship between diverse domains may important for particular biological event.