Defect and Diffusion Forum

Description: Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT 2014), August 17-22, 2014, Münster, Germany.
The 34 papers are grouped as follows:
Chapter 1: Reactions and Interdiffusion in Binary and Multicomponent Systems;
Chapter 2: Ion Transport;
Chapter 3: Defects, Stresses and Relaxation;
Chapter 4: Short-Circuit Diffusion;
Chapter 5: Diffusion Phenomena under Strong Gravitation;
Chapter 6: Diffusion-Related Phenomena;
Chapter 7: Advanced Methods of Diffusion Measurement

Description: Fluid flow, thermodynamics and heat/mass transfer are nowadays central pillars of science and technology. They have been central to the development of our civilization because we use them not only to understand natural-world phenomena but also to achieve incremental improvements in technology. The special session “Fluid Flow, Energy Transfer and Design” held at the 10th International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids (DSL 2014) includes papers of different areas ranging from physics, mathematics and chemistry to engineering and provided several contributions for this topical volume. Other experts in the field of heat and mass transfer were as well invited to contribute to this volume.

Description: It is pertinent to note that Luminescence phenomenon has once again occupied a central stage with the announcement of Nobel Prize in October 2014 to three Japanese scientists. The discovery of Galium Nitride proved to be a revolutionary step forward in creation of Blue LEDs. With the advent of LED lamps we now have more long-lasting and more efficient alternatives to older light sources. The Volume under reference consists of 9 Chapters, written by experts in the area of Luminescent Materials.

Description: The point defect is just one of the menagerie of defects (comprising dislocations, disvections, discommensurations, stacking-faults, antiphase boundaries, etc.) which affect the mechanical and other properties of all materials. The class of point defect can be further divided into interstitial, substitutional and antisite. Various combinations of these defects lead to pairings such as those of Frenkel and Shottky type. The present volume comprises a compilation of selected data concerning point defects in metals, semiconductors, carbon and carbides, nitrides, halides, oxides and miscellaneous materials including solid inert gases. Not mentioned here are Stone-Wales defects, which were covered in volume 356. The 458 entries of the present volume cover the period from 1962 to 2014.

Description: Energy, and especially its minimization, are factors which govern all physical processes. Given sufficient time and thermal activation, for instance, grain boundaries will move so as to tend towards a regular array of 14-sided grains. When a grain boundary intercepts a surface, the energies of the surface and boundary govern the precise form of the triple-point. Regions of mismatch within the solid, especially those associated with dislocations, interfere with dislocation cross-slip and thereby affect mechanical properties. The present volume comprises a compilation of measured values of the energies of various planar defects in solids: including grain boundaries, stacking-faults, twins, etc. for a wide range of material groups: metals, semiconductors, oxides, carbides, diamond, graphite, nitrides, halides, ice, and various minerals. The 451 entries cover the period from 1958 to 2014.

Description:

The Monte Carlo method, largely the brainchild of Stanislaw Ulam and first implemented by John von Neumann, depends upon the use of digital computers and is therefore very much a product of post-WW2 technological developments; even though one could argue that the Buffon’s Needle estimate was an ancestor of the technique. The probabilistic nature of the method makes it a good choice for modeling those physical phenomena which involve similarly random motions at the atomic scale; a particularly good example being that of mass diffusion. The present volume comprises a compilation of selected Monte Carlo studies of diffusion in borides, carbides, diamond, graphene, graphite, hydrides, ice, metals, oxides, semiconductors, sulfides, zeolites and other materials. General aspects of diffusion are also covered. The 516 entries cover the period from 1966 to 2014.

Description: The word luminescence was first used by a German physicist, Eilhardt Wiedemann, in 1888. He also classified luminescence into six kinds according to the method of excitation. No better basis of classification is available today. He recognized photoluminescence, thermoluminescence, electroluminescence, crystalloluminescence, triboluminescence, and chemiluminescence. The designations are obvious, characterized by the prefix. This Volume consists of 9 Chapters, including 8 Review Papers and one Case Study.

Description: Carbon nanotubes are one of the newest materials to be discovered, being barely 20 years old. They are also the most promising one, with one particular sample of multi-walled nanotube attaining a tensile strength of 63GPa, and with carbon nanotubes in general having a specific strength of up to 48000kNm/kg: effectively a direct exploitation of the covalent sp² bonding between carbon atoms. Plastic deformation begins at about 5% strain. The nanotubes can be produced in lengths of up to 550mm, and thicknesses as small as 4.3Å; making them perfect reinforcement fibres for composites. They also have many other properties which may be useful in electronics, gas storage , etc. The present compilation focuses on the various characteristic types of defect which are found in carbon nanotubes, plus the relatively limited number of diffusion studies which have been performed. The 418 entries cover the period from 1994 to 2014.

Description: As in the case of Defect and Diffusion Forum, Volume 352, the present volume comprises a compilation of Arrhenius equations which conveniently summarise a huge body of experimental results on diffusion in a wide variety of non-metallic host/diffusant systems. This collection will constitute an excellent resource for any researcher planning new diffusion studies, or for engineers who need to estimate heat-treatment times for manufacturing steps, or to predict the effect of the environment on finished products. The present compilation covers Arrhenius parameters for host-materials including: AgBr, AgCl, AgGaSe₂, Al₂BeO₄, Al₂O₃, Al₅Y₃O₁₂, Albite, AlSb, Anorthite, Apatite, BaF₂, BaO, BaTiO₃, BeO, Bi₂Cu₂Sr₂CaO_x, Bi₂Sr₂CuO_x, Bi₂Te₃, Britholite, CaF₂, Calcite, CaO, Carbon, CaTiO₃, CaWO₄, CdHgTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, CeO₂, CePO₄, Chabazite, CoO, CoSi₂, CrYO₃, CsI, Cu₂Se, Cu₃Ba₂YO₇, CuInSe₂, Diamond, Diopside, Enstatite, Fe₂B, Feldspar, FeN, Forsterite, GaAs, GaN, GaP, Garnet, Ge, GeO₂, GeSi, Graphene, Graphite, HfN, HgCdTe, HgTe, In₂O₃, InAs, InP, InSb, IrO₂, KBr, KCl, KI, KN₃, Kr, Labradorite, LaCoO₃, Li₂BeF₄, Li₂O, Li₄SiO₄, Li₈PbO₆, LiAlO₂, LiBr, LiCl, LiF, LiNbO₃, MgAl₂O₄, MgB₂, MgO, MgSiO₃, MnS, Mo₂C, Monazite, Mordenite, MoSi₂, NaCl, NaLa(MoO₄)₂, NaP, Nb₂O₅, NbC, Nd₂CuO₄, NdCrO₃, Ni₂Si, Ni₆₀B₂₀O₂₀, NiO, Obsidian, Oligoclase, Olivine, Orthoclase, Orthoenstatite, P₂O₅, PbCl₂, PbO, PbSe, PbTe, Plagioclase, RbBr, RbCl, Sanidine, Si, Si₃N₄, SiC, SiGe, SiO₂, SiON, SmS, Sodalite, SrF₂, SrO, SrTiO₃, Stishovite, TaN, TaSi₂, Te, ThO₂, TiB₂, TiC, TiN, TiO₂, Titanite, TlCl, UC, UO₂, Wadsleyite, WC, WO₃, WSi₂, Y₂O₃, Zeolites, Zircon, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZrC, ZrO₂ and ZrTiO₄, plus many others. The 1133 entries cover the period from 1952 to 2014.

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters BCI (WoS).
This topical volume on Advanced Diffusion Processes and Phenomena addresses diffusion in a wider sense of not only mass diffusion but also heat diffusion in fluids and solids. Both diffusion phenomena play an important role in the characterization of engineering materials and corresponding structures. Understanding these different transport phenomena at many levels, from atomistic to macro, has therefore long attracted the attention of many researchers in materials science and engineering and related disciplines. The present topical volume captures a representative cross-section of some of the recent advances in the area of mass and heat transport. Reflecting the enormous breadth of the area, the range of topics covered is accordingly very large.