Engineering Headway Vol. 39

Abstract: Dry ports are key infrastructure in developing the logistics and international trade sectors. Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, with its strategic potential as an access point to the Sulawesi region and its surroundings, is poised for significant growth. This research explores and identifies the potential and challenges in developing Dry ports in Jeneponto Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis, with data collection through interviews with related parties, including provincial and district government authorities, logistics industry players, and other stakeholders, as well as field surveys and literature studies. The research results show that Jeneponto Regency has significant advantages as the main gateway for trade in the South Sulawesi region. However, several obstacles must be overcome, such as improved transportation infrastructure, licensing, and investment support. This study provides insight for local governments, private institutions, and related stakeholders in developing the potential of dry ports in Jeneponto Regency. By utilizing advantages and overcoming existing challenges, constructing a Dry port can drive regional economic growth, create new jobs, and increase international trade connectivity in the South Sulawesi region.

Abstract: The Makassar Strait, located between two major tectonic plates in the region, the Sunda Plate to the west and the Australian Plate to the east, holds three Spreading Centres. They are the South Makassar Strait Spreading Centre (SC-SMS) in the south and the North Makassar Strait Spreading Centres (SC-NMS-1 and SC-NMS-2) in the north. All of them are active and can cause tsunamigenic earthquakes, especially in the areas that directly face those Spreading Centres. One of the areas prone to tsunamis and directly facing the Spreading Centers in South Sulawesi is the Awerange Port in Soppeng Riaja District, Barru Regency. This study aims to obtain an appropriate tsunami mitigation scheme based on the results of tsunami disaster modeling in the Soppeng Riaja District. Assuming a tsunami with a magnitude of 5.5 SR, 6.0 SR, and 6.5 SR at three tsunami points with four buoy points modeled using SiTPros, the highest run-up height is 9.85 meters with a travel time to the surface of 22 minutes. The results of this modeling serve as a reference for developing structural and non-structural mitigation measures. In this regard, the proposed structural mitigation measures, including constructing shelter buildings at several points and installing early warning devices, are crucial. Equally important is the creation of tsunami hazard maps and public awareness campaigns for self-evacuation during tsunami disasters, which can only be successful with the active participation and support of the community.

Abstract: In coastal building design, wave run-up is one of the primary factors influencing structural design, particularly in determining the crest elevation of coastal structures. Wave run-up is therefore a critical parameter in coastal building design. Many factors can influence wave run-up and run-down. This research was conducted in a laboratory through experimental modeling. The models consisted of a smooth surface (K0) and a rough surface (K1), with each surface type using three variations of a dual-slope structural model, in which all three variations had the same front structure with a slope of 90^o, while the upper structure of each model had slope angles of 45^o, 55^o, and 65^o. The results showed that relative run-up (Ru/Hi) increased as wave steepness (Hi/L) decreased. The presence of surface roughness in the structural model reduced both wave run-up and run-down heights compared to the smooth surface model. The heights of the run-up and run-down did not show significant differences among the three slope variations, as the slopes of 45^o, 55^o, and 65^o all fall within the same category of steep slopes.

Abstract: The construction project industry is one of the sectors with a particularly high risk of occupational accidents, even though workers are considered valuable assets that must be safeguarded to ensure project sustainability. The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is therefore critical for achieving the vision of zero accidents and sustaining productivity in construction projects. According to the Employment Social Security Agency (BPJS), 360,635 accidents were recorded in Indonesia in 2023, representing an 11.07% increase compared with the previous year, underlining the urgency of addressing this issue. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol to examine how human factors contribute to construction accidents. A total of 28 relevant Scopus-indexed articles published between 2021 and 2024 were reviewed. The findings highlight twelve key human-factor variables, such as regulatory requirements, design for safety, corporate culture, safety and health management, preplanning, management and supervision, training, operational equipment, safety equipment and PPE, safety awareness, environmental conditions, and workers’ skills. The analysis further reveals methodological patterns, including the growing application of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) for accident investigation. This study contributes by synthesising current knowledge, identifying research gaps, and providing directions for integrating human factors with emerging construction technologies to enhance future accident prevention strategies.

Abstract: This study examines procurement risks associated with silica correction raw materials at PT XYZ, with a focus on enhancing supply chain resilience. The House of Risk (HOR) method was implemented in two stages: HOR 1 identified and prioritized key risk agents based on the Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP), while HOR 2 determined the most effective mitigation strategies using the Effectiveness-to-Difficulty Ratio (ETD). Data were collected through interviews and brainstorming sessions involving stakeholders from the procurement, raw material management, mining, and quality control divisions, supported by operational and warehouse data from 2022 to 2024. The results of HOR 1 revealed two major risk agents: A2, which represents supplier failure to meet raw material requirements (ARP = 905), and A1, which reflects the lack of opportunities to engage alternative suppliers (ARP = 378). Based on HOR 2, the highest ETD value was obtained for PA1, seeking alternative suppliers to reduce dependency, followed by PA2, increasing silica buffer stock capacity, PA3, conducting regular supplier performance evaluations, and PA4, strengthening contractual agreements. Collectively, these actions enhance operational continuity, mitigate supply disruptions, and strengthen PT XYZ’s supply chain resilience. The study demonstrates the practical applicability of the HOR method as an effective and replicable framework for managing procurement risks in complex industrial supply chains.

Abstract: This literature review compares the efficiency of prefabricated and conventional construction methods based on the project management scope triangle, which includes cost, schedule, quality, and sustainability. The study employs the PRISMA methodology to systematically identify, screen, and analyze relevant literature from multiple academic databases. The findings indicate that prefabrication provides notable advantages, including cost savings, reduced construction time, improved quality control, and enhanced sustainability. Prefabrication minimizes material waste, lowers labor costs, and shortens project schedules through parallel production processes. However, it requires substantial initial investment and careful logistical planning. In contrast, conventional construction methods offer greater flexibility in accommodating design changes but often incur higher costs, longer project durations, and variable quality outcomes. The insights from this review can assist construction industry stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of prefabrication techniques. By understanding the benefits and challenges of each method, project managers, architects, and developers can optimize project performance and overall efficiency. This review contributes to existing knowledge by providing a systematic comparison of prefabricated and conventional construction methods across critical dimensions, while emphasizing the growing importance of prefabrication in achieving cost-effective, timely, high-quality, and sustainable construction projects.

Abstract: Flooding occurred in four of the six sub-districts in North Sinjai District in 2021, mainly due limited water absorption areas and inadequate drainage systems. This research aimed to determine flood distribution and propose solutions to reduce flood risk in the Sinjai urban area. This research was conducted in North Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, focusing on the Sinjai and Tangka watershed. Hydrological analysis showed that the 20-year return period flood discharge was 479 m³/s for the Sinjai watershed and 1073 m³/s for the Tangka watershed. Hydraulic analysis identified flood-affected areas including Lappa, Balangnipa, Biringere, and Bongki villages. Flood-prone areas were classified based on flood depth in accordance with BNPB regulation No.2 of 2012. Flood mitigation measures applied were structural methods, namely river normalization, embankments, and retention ponds. These measures reduced the flood-affected area by 32.4%.

Abstract: Rapid urban development can lead to spatial segmentation, followed by the segregation of marginalized spaces. This research analyzes spatial justice and spatial segregation of informal settlements in Makassar City through urban structure. The method used in this research is quantitative, using space syntax and GIS. This research used two main maps: the axial map of Makassar City and the map of slum locations within the city. This research found that informal settlements on the coast of Makassar City are segregated from other urban spaces. Connectivity between road spaces, especially with the primary road network, is why informal settlements are segregated. Spatial injustice is created due to weak connectivity and uneven distribution of urban facilities. The results of this research highlight the importance of comprehensive spatial planning in fulfilling the rights of all citizens in the city. Academic researchers, urban planners, and policymakers are crucial in addressing these issues and ensuring spatial justice for all.

Abstract: The Pettarani Elevated Toll Road is the first elevated toll road in Eastern Indonesia which has become an icon of new infrastructure in Makassar City. Before the construction of the Pettarani Elevated Toll Road, the median of the road had shady trees that provided benefits for the environment and visuals when passing through Andi Pangerang Pettarani Street, were not obstructed to see buildings from a distance. After the construction of the Pettarani Elevated Toll Road, the trees have changed into elevated toll road pillars. These visual changes have changed the layout of the panorama related to visual aesthetics, both elements and principles of environmental visual aesthetics on Andi Pangerang Pettarani Street, Makassar City. This study aims to identify and analyze elements and principles of environmental visual aesthetics, visual perception of the environment before and after the construction of the Pettarani Elevated Toll Road, Makassar City. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. In the qualitative method, the author who is the instrument in the research and analysis is carried out continuously from the beginning of the research to data analysis. Results. Research on the Influence of the Pettarani Elevated Toll Road on the Visual Aesthetics of the Makassar City Environment is that the Pettarani Elevated Toll Road has an influence on the elements and principles of the visual aesthetics of the environment (path, edges, district, nodes, landmarks, color, unity, proportion, scale, balance, rhythm). Conclusion. The construction of the Petterani Elevated Toll Road affects the elements and principles of the visual aesthetics of the city environment. For the future, the construction of the elevated toll road should pay attention to the elements and visual aesthetics of the environment, so that the existence of the elevated toll road is not only a solution to congestion but also provides comfort and a positive impact for users and buildings around the elevated toll road.

Abstract: The provision of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure for densely populated urban residents is one of the primary challenges faced by cities in developing countries. Pedestrian-friendly pathways are designed to enhance overall pedestrian safety, accessibility, and connectivity in urban environments. These pathways incorporate elements aimed at improving pedestrian safety and comfort, allowing them to move comfortably, interact with the community, and enjoy their surroundings. This makes them a crucial aspect of urban planning to create sustainable and livable cities. (1) to analyse the demand of appropriate walking infrastructure in activity centre of Panakukang district, Makassar City (2) to analyze accessibility and connectivity of walking infrastructure in Panakukang district, City of Makassar. The data used in this study were obtained through direct field observations of pedestrian pathways and building functions. Additionally, pedestrian counts were conducted during specific time segments based on the designated building functions. Purposive sampling was employed for questionnaire-based interviews with road users. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to provide a clear and concise overview of the observed data. The research findings indicate that the available pedestrian pathways are not yet continuous due to the individual construction of these pathways by building owners. Moreover, the highest pedestrian traffic on the boulevard occurs during the lunch break hours (from 12:00 to 13:00). Pedestrians are predominantly employees aged between 20 and 30 years, traveling from their workplaces to nearby restaurants or food stalls within a distance of ≤500-1000 meters.