Effect of Nano Sodium Titanate/ Potassium Titanate Whisker on Tribology Behavior of Brake Materials

Abstract:

Here we developed a hot-pressed molded resin-based brake pad material reinforced by a nano sodium titanate whisker in comparison with nano potassium titanate whisker. The effect of the whiskers on the tribology behavior was investigated. Though nano sodium titanate whisker reinforced brake material showed higher porosity (+12.29% averagely) and lower hardness (-25.8% averagely) caused by the impurities, it exhibited improved ability in stabilizing the friction coefficient and enhancing 25.5%, 31.1%, 25.9% higher wear resistance, when the volume contents of whisker are 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%, respectively, compared to the nano potassium titanate whisker reinforced brake material. The wear mechanisms of the nano sodium titanate whisker reinforced brake materials were determined as embedded debris, delaminated crater, moderate layers transfer, uniform furrows, primary plateaus and secondary plateaus in similar size, indicating a main wear form of abrasive wear instead of adhesive wear.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 993)
• Pages: 836-843
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.993.836
• Online since: May 2020
• Authors: Ke Guo, Zhi Qiang Zhang*, Zhong Zheng Pei, Jie Xu, Yi Fan Feng
• Keywords: Nanopotassium Titanate Whisker, Nanosodium Titanate Whisker, Resin-Based Brake Materials, Tribology Behavior

References

[1] J. Bijwe, Composites as friction materials: recent developments in non-asbestos fiber reinforced friction materials—a review, Polym. Compos. 18 (1997) 378-396.

DOI: 10.1002/pc.10289

[2] B. Satapathy, J. Bijwe, Fade and recovery behavior of non-asbestos organic (NAO) composite friction materials based on combinations of rock fibers and organic fibers, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 24 (2005) 563-577.

DOI: 10.1177/0731684405043561

[3] R. Hinrichs, M.R. Soares, R. Lamb, M.R. Soares, M. Vasconcellos, Phase characterization of debris generated in brake pad coefficient of friction tests, Wear 270 (2011) 515-519.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.004

[4] G. Yi, F. Yan, Mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin-based friction composites filled with several inorganic fillers, Wear 262 (2007) 121-129.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2006.04.004

[5] I. Mutlu, O. Eldogan, F. Findik, Tribological properties of some phenolic composites suggested for automotive brakes, Tribology Int 39 (2006) 317-325.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.02.002

[6] F. Ahmadijokani, Y. Alaei, A. Shojaei, M. Arjmand, N. Yan, Frictional behavior of resin-based brake composites: Effect of carbon fibre reinforcement, Wear 420-421 (2019) 108-115.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.098

[7] Z. Ji, W. Luo, K. Zhou, S. Hou, Q. Zhang, J. Li, H. Jin, Effects of the shapes and dimensions of mullite whisker on the friction and wear behaviors of resin-based friction materials, Wear 406-407 (2018) 118-125.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.03.018

[8] N. Aranganathan, V. Mahale, J. Bijwe, Effects of aramid fiber concentration on the friction and wear characteristics of non-asbestos organic friction composites using standardized braking tests, Wear 354-355 (2016) 69-77.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2016.03.002

[9] P. Cai, Z. Li, T. Wang, Q. Wang, Effect of aspect ratios of aramid fiber on mechanical and tribological behaviors of friction materials, Tribology Int. 92 (2015) 109-116.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.05.024

[10] M. Hao, R. Luo, Z. Hou, W. Yang, Q. Xiang, C. Yang, Effect of fiber-types on the braking performances of carbon/carbon composites, Wear 319 (2014) 145-149.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2014.07.023

[11] J. Lee, J. Lee, S. Kwon, J. Kim, Effect of different reinforcement materials on the formation of secondary plateaus and friction properties in friction materials for automobiles, Tribology Int. 120 (2018) 70-79.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2017.12.020

[12] F. Ahmadijokani, A. Shojaei, M. Arjmand, Y. Alaei, N. Yan, Effect of short carbon fiber on thermal, mechanical and tribological behavior of phenolic-based brake friction materials, Compos. Part B: Eng. 168 (2019) 98-105.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.038

[13] S. Wu, M. Yi, Y. Ge, L. Ran, K. Peng, Effect of carbon fiber reinforcement on the tribological performance and behavior of aircraft carbon brake discs, Carbon 117 (2017) 279-292.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.003

[14] P. Zhang, L. Zhang, K. Fu, P. Wu, J. Cao, C. Shijia, X. Qu, The effect of Al2O3 fiber additive on braking performance of copper-based brake pads utilized in high-speed railway train, Tribology Int. 135 (2019) 444-456.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.034

[15] Z. Ji, W. Luo, K. Zhou, S. Hou, Q. Zhang, J. Li, H. Jin, Effects of the shapes and dimensions of mullite whisker on the friction and wear behaviors of resin-based friction materials, Wear 406-407 (2018) 118-125.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.03.018

[16] S. Kim, M. Cho, D. Lim, H. Jang, Synergistic effects of aramid pulp and potassium titanate whiskers in the automotive friction material, Wear 251 (2001) 1484-1491.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00802-x

[17] Z. Zhu, L. Xu, G. Chen, Effect of different whiskers on the physical and tribological properties of non-metallic friction materials, Mater Des 32 (2011) 54–61.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.06.037

[18] G. Xie, G. Sui, R. Yang, Effects of potassium titanate whiskers and carbon fibers on the wear behavior of polyetheretherketone composite under water lubricated condition, Compos. Sci. Technol. 71 (2011) 828-835.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.019

[19] H. Wang, Y. Zhu, X. Feng, X. Lu, The effect of self-assembly modified potassium titanate whiskers on the friction and wear behaviors of PEEK composites, Wear 269 (2010) 139-144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.03.018

[20] Z. Ji, H. Jin, W. Luo, F. Cheng, Y. Chen, Y. Ren, Y. Wu, S. Hou, The effect of crystallinity of potassium titanate whisker on the tribological behavior of NAO friction materials, Tribology Int. 107 (2017) 213-220.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.11.022

[21] B. Öztürk, S. Öztürk, Effects of resin type and fiber length on the mechanical and tribological properties of brake friction materials, Tribol. Lett. 42 (2011) 339-350.

DOI: 10.1007/s11249-011-9779-5