Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 253-255

Abstract: This paper is to reveal the distribution rules of highway traffic accident in China. Using statistics data, this paper discusses highway traffic accident frequency and severity distributions by various factors, including temporal dimension, road factors (such as road classes or functions, geometric alignment, etc.), vehicles factors, and drivers’ factors in details. The distributions of highway traffic accident type and highway traffic accident causes are also examined in the paper. A series of useful and interesting conclusions are available for domestic and overseas traffic policy-makers and road safety engineers.

Abstract: This paper studies the traffic wave phenomenon on the basis of traffic flow theory and finds that the classical theory disagreeing with the real traffic state. The existing theory is modified and a new traffic wave model is proposed based on the improved theory. The aim of the model is to better describe the stop-wave phenomenon in signalized intersections at a microscopic level. Then the model is calibrated and validated by data obtained from an intersection during morning-peak period. Results show this new model can represent the characteristics of traffic wave with a high accuracy and can demonstrate the improved traffic wave theory.

Abstract: Based on the NS model, an extended cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate complex characteristics and energy consumption of traffic flow with some slowdown sections on a highway by considering the number, speed limit and distribution of slowdown sections. The simulation results show that the present model can exhibit a multi-phase coexistence phenomenon, i.e., the freely moving phase, the maximum flow phase and the jamming phase coexist in traffic system. The fundamental diagram shows that the number of slowdown section has no influence on the mean velocity and flow. However, energy consumption increases with increase of the number of slowdown section at low density. In addition, it can be found that the speed limit and distribution of different slowdown sections have an important effect on traffic flow and energy consumption, and the underlying mechanism is also analyzed.

Abstract: Signalized intersection delay is an important evaluation index of the signalized intersection capacity and level of service. This paper presents a signalized intersection delay model for signalized intersection. The model uses time series and queuing theory. It discusses the operation characteristics of the process of arrival and leaving and optimizes the intersection signal timing and gets the best signal cycle time. A scientific model and a more complete analysis are founded in the paper. These methods have a good reference value to the relevant departments.

Abstract: With the rapid development of urban traffic, travel time had become the crucial factor for road-user to make decisions on means of transportation, path finding. Besides, emerging information technology, such as Traffic information technology, GIS (Geographic Information System) technology and etc, that have promoted the tendency that people are inclining to plan personal travel through Dynamic Route Guidance System characterized as travel time prediction according to real-time traffic data. In this paper, it first proposed the factors of selecting the test O-D (original-destination), which travel time will be predicted by GoogleMap, BaiduMap, SogouMap and SOSOMap, for comparison, probe vehicle would run along the route provided by those online ATIS (advanced traveler information system) to check the accuracy of travel time predicted. Finally, it analyzes and assesses the service of travel time prediction of such systems.

Abstract: Optimal Velocity Model (OVM) is one of the typical car-following traffic flow models. The driver’s sensitivity factor in OVM is always constant in the past study, which does not fully comply with practical traffic flow characteristics. To gain a more actual and objective model, we propose a kind of heterogeneous drivers car-following optimal velocity model, i.e. HDOVM. In this model, the constant driver’s parameter is substituted with driver type function, and every car in the queue has a corresponding value. After stability analysis with Laplace transform state space method, we make many types cars in the traffic queue numerical simulation to prove our supposition , the simulation results after many times show that the HDOVM model is more practical than traditional ones. Considering the diversity of traffic flow composition should be one of the major factors to find out the reason of traffic jam.

Abstract: On the basis of analyzing and abstraction of the relationships of all factors in road traffic system to driver’s personal ability and the requirements of systematic task, the states of driver’s personal ability and systematic task are researched. The safety level under different match states is revealed and the matching criterion for higher safety properties is provided through studying of the match level of driver’s personal ability and systematic task. In addition, the methods how to examine drive’s ability or system state.

Abstract: In this research, we adopt pedestrian’s avoidance behavior as the primary indicator of degree of danger and also use discrete choice models to predict this. Through this model, we quantitatively evaluate the dangerous in school road, develop a good understanding of microscopic mechanisms of road traffic, and finally evaluate the possible effects of traffic improvement measures through quantitative measures.

Abstract: The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar Pakistan. Traffic data collected and warrant tests checked at selected intersections. Peak hour vehicular volume warrant test selected and performed at intersections. Signal timing capacity and delay analysis performed and level of service determined for selected intersection. It was found that “for the same width of the road” the delay and level of service is different at different locations and the corresponding signal time is also different. Some data also analysed in 3D micro simulation.

Abstract: This paper analyses the road traffic operation in four typical situations including unsignalized junctions, signalized junctions, road sections and road networks in China. Four major factors such as road facilities, efficiency, safety and environment containing over twenty sub-factors are identified and weighed using analytic hierarchy process to form a holistic assessment index system which suggests a guideline for China’s road traffic simulation study.