Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 368-370

Abstract: Derelict land is a land type that causes great destruction to the ecological environment, destroys the cities' scenery and leads to the waste of land resources. As an embodiment of the long-term view of sustainable development, it is necessary to deal with the urban industrial wastelands and resuscitate them by utilizing the technology of ecological restoration. By introducing three successful examples of the resuscitation of the industrial wasteland - the "Gas Works Park" in Seattle (USA), the North Duisburg Landscape Park (Germany), and the Qijiang Park in Zhongshan City (China), this paper discusses their emerging and development processes as well as their insightful ideas and particular methods for ecological design, meanwhile illustrates their specific meaning and suitability to China. It is expected that the successful experiences of these three typical cases will be helpful to the urban ecological restoration and landscape planning in the future. KeyWords - Urban industrial wastelands, landscape and ecological restoration,renewal, landscape design

Abstract: Energy is the foundation of modern social economy, and energy efficiency is an important issue that various countries concerned. By using the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method, we studied Chinas regional energy consumption and treatment situation of waste water and air pollution. So we can draw the conclusion that energy efficiency is generally good in the South China, the Northeast and the Northwest, which energy efficiency risk is low. But the efficiency is low in the North China and the East China. At the same time, the returns to scale of energy are decreasing in the North China, the East China, the Central China and the Southwest, so they should reduce the consumption of energy and enhance the treatment of waste water and air pollution, in order to reduce the Chinas regional energy efficiency risk.

Abstract: In traditional views, oilfield is abandoned after water flooding and chemical flooding. But the recovery is only 50%~60%，that is to say, more than 40% of the resource is still left underground. Therefore, how to utilize this part of resource economically and effectively is a key problem to be tackled. Based on the lab experiments and theoretical researches on viscosity-temperature relationship, displacement and relative permeability under high temperature, the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery through steam flooding in super-high water cut stage of water injection oilfield was analyzed. The experimental results showed that steam flooding in 200°C after polymer flooding could increase oil displacement efficiency by 14.5%. Water flooding and polymer flooding had been implemented in Sabei development area of Daqing Oilfield since it was brought into development in 1963. The recovery had reached above 70% and the water cut had exceeded 98%. There was no economic benefit to develop continually, the oilfield faced abandonment. Steam flooding test was carried out to enhance oil recovery on this basis. According to the geological characteristics and development status, special technical measures were taken based on the lab experiments and numerical simulation including high-pressure steam injection to improve heat utilization, forced fluid withdrawal to increase production rate, insulated tubing and nitrogen insulation to keep the bottom hole steam dry, and tracking analysis to adjust injection-production parameters duly. The ultimate recovery reached 81.6％ which increased 10.7% on the original basis, the field test was successful technically. Steam flooding is characterized with quick effect, high production rate and high producing degree of residual oil. This successful technology provides a direction for secondary development after polymer flooding in water flooding oilfield.

Abstract: A efficient treatment method capacitive deionization (also called electrosorption) against high salinity and ionic concentration in wastewater or groundwater was discussed. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of electrodes potentials, distance between electrodes plates and flow rates on the desalination rate from water. A quadratic response surface model and optimum level values were obtained based on experimental data under box-behnken design (BBD) of software Design-Expert 8.0. The results showed that the maximum desalination rate was 59.05% on the optimal conditions of potentials, distance between electrodes plates and flow rates were 1.6 V, 2 mm, and 21.32 ml/min, respectively. The analysis of variance on quadratic response surface model indicated that regression model reached significant level, fit well and its reliability and accuracy were in the practicable extent, coinciding with the experimental results perfectly.

Abstract: The present article aims to introduce the authors research on the method of flood control forecast operation that a reservoir can actualize in a flood season. Though it is an effectual measure to resolve the discrepancy between the flood control and the water resource utilization, the risk for a reservoir to actualize the flood control forecast operation method decides whether it can be actualized as compared to the conventional operation method. So far, there is not an effective quantitative method to calculate the above risk. Having analyzed the risk factors of the flood control operation, a kind of numerical analysis method has been put forward to calculate such risks based on the distribution of the flood runoff of a reservoir and the forecast errors of the runoff. Thus, the risk to the downstream of a reservoir caused by the forecast errors can be calculated quantitatively and the present article has done such practical flood control forecasts. Taking Shenwo reservoir for example, the authors have introduced the ideas and calculation methods in a detailed way. The calculation results of Shenwo reservoir show that the risk is tolerable or acceptable with Shenwo reservoir in contrast to the conventional operation method.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the pollutant loading of two-stage biological aerated filter in series. We choose Shenyang Xiannhe wastewater treatment plant as research site. By testing pollutant loading under conditions of the same hydraulic loading and different hydraulic loading respectively, we discovered that there was great difference between the 1^st filter and the 2^nd filter. COD loading of the 1^st filter varied from 2.0 m^-3.d^-1 to 6.0 m^-3.d^-1,however NH₄-H loading was more complex with NH₄-H remove rate being negative in most cases . COD loading of 2^nd filter was from 0.2 m^-3.d^-1to 1.5 m^-3.d^-1,and NH₄-H loading was from 0.4 m^-3.d^-1 to 1.5 m^-3.d^-1. Key words: biological aerated filter;pollutant loading.

Abstract: The adsorption property of Cu²⁺ in aqueous solution by carbonaceous adsorbent made by sludge was studied. Under static conditions, the influences to the adsorption properties by the dosage of adsorbent, adsorption time, concentration of Cu²⁺, adsorption temperature, pH value, and other factors were systematically studied. The adsorption kinetics of the carbonaceous adsorbent was analyzed, and its adsorption properties were primarily discussed. The research results show that the carbonaceous adsorbent made by sludge has strong removal efficiency of Cu²⁺; the adsorption process complies with the Fruendlich adsorption isotherm; and the adsorption process can be represented by first-order kinetic model.

Abstract: In this study, the impact of introducing new sewage treatment technologies as a new policy is evaluated. The purpose of this study is to construct a comprehensive dynamic optimization model on forecasts for the net load of water pollutant and economic growth of Beijing. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation modeling was conducted using software LINGO to perform the linear optimization model, based on tow sub-models (socio-economic model and an environmental model) and one objective (Min TQP). The socio-economic model is based on input-output table and represents the relationship between socio-economic activities and water pollutant emissions. The environmental model represents the changes in the amount of water pollutants generated. Our results propose an optimal policy for helping Beijing City to achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Abstract: This research has examined the aquatic plants ability of removing N and P with the experiment materials of the aquatic plants in the river system in Chaohu Region. Results revealed that Ludwigia peploides subsp, Vallisneria spiralis, Water Hyacinth and Cyperus papyrus contribute to removing TN in water to the effect which correlates the growth rate of the plants. 1) Particularly, Water Hyacinth, which grows the fastest among the sample plants, effects with the highest efficiency in removing TN, with the removal ratio of about 77%, 6.8 times that of the control group; 2) 4 aquatic plants function with higher efficiency in removing NH3-N than TN, and the plants in Test 8d remove NH3-N up to the removing ratio of 65-92% or so; 3) 4 aquatic plants tend to degrade NO₃^--N at the ratio similar to TN, and the absorptive effect of Water Hyacinth tops among the 4 plants, while under the same conditions, the papyrus remains the lowest with the absorptive ratio of only 31.7%; 4) and the regulation that the experiment plants remove the TP in water differs from TP degradation, for, in the early stage of the experiment, plants in Test 20d remove phosphorus at the high rate; however, in the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of phosphorus in water remains stable. At the end of the experiment, the phosphorus removal ratio reached 47.2%, while the ratio that the papyrus removed the phosphorus was only 21.5%. These data suggest that the aquatic plants in Chaohu Region can exert efficient remediation effect upon the eutrophic water.

Abstract: The Chinese folk dwelling reflects the ideology of adjusting measures to local conditions and harmony between the heaven and human from the space layout and building details. Taking the seaweed house in the coastal areas of the Jiaodong Peninsula as the object of the study, this paper analyzed the ecological characteristics from the historical origin, building layout, building form and building space. And based on this, it revealed the ecological values and to provide the theatrical basis to local ecological building design.