Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1092-1093

Abstract: In order to simulate the nuclear proliferation model of power plant accident, the objective factors of the nuclide dry deposition, wet deposition and radioactive decay are considered and studied based on Gauss diffusion model. With the model modified, the nuclear proliferation simulation of power plant accident is implemented. The simulation system of radionuclide nuclear proliferation is designed and realized with the application of information technology such as GIS and so on. In light of variations in such things as geography, climate and working, the nuclear proliferation of power plant accident emergency is simulated. The results showed that the system can effectively realize the simulation of radionuclide nuclear proliferation including the instantaneous point source, continuous point source, which provides decision support for nuclear accident emergency treatment.

Abstract: Built-in VOF model and k-ε turbulence model in Fluent were used to simulate the evaporation and diffusion of the pool formed by leaked UDMH on a cliff. Different situations in three wind speeds were calculated, and the diffusion mode and concentration distribution law were analyzed. The results show that there is a large poisoned area formed on the cliff, and people under the cliff should escape to upwind immediately and the emergency personnel should access the accident spot along the back of the cliff.

Abstract: A new classified real-time flood forecasting framework was presented. Firstly, the historical floods were classified by K-means cluster, according to the hydrological factors. Then rough set was used to extract operation rules for flood forecasting. Following, the conceptual hydrological model was constructed and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to calibrate the hydrological model parameters. In simulation, River A is taken as study example. The categories of parameters are selected in operation according to flood information and rules. The result is compared with traditional flood forecasting. It demonstrates the performance of classified framework is improved in terms of accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: On the basis of analyzing formation condition of slope debris flow, optimize four indexes as the discriminated factors: the loose material reserves weighted by area (),effective particle size of the loose material ,geomorphic super entropy (),meteorological and hydrological index which is composed of indirect and direct antecedent precipitation and short duration rainfall (),use the basic data of slope debris flow in Beishan of Longnan City, build the Fisher discriminated analysis model , find out the discriminated function of debris flow and non-debris flow on slope is,critical value is 1.305,give the new method of identification on the slope debris flow.

Abstract: Based on the numerical simulation method and a sample slope engineer of waste dump, the failure modes of waste dump slope is analyzed. By means of analyzing working conditions such as different slope angles, single step, many steps, the failure modes of waste dump slope under different working conditions is obtained. The results show that the slope stability of multiple steps waste dump is better than the slope stability of single step waste dump, and the deformation of the slope is small.

Abstract: In order to evaluate the risk degree of the tailings pond’s dam-break disaster reasonably, according to statistical analysis of the tailings pond’s dam-break failure and "the tailings major hazards classification method" of our country, the improved "index weight method" is worked out, and the index partition method and weight assignment of the "index weight method" are analyzed and researched detailed. Combining with an engineering example to verify the improved "index weight method", and the sensitivity of index weight is discussed. The results of the analysis show that "index weight method" for the judgment of the risk degree of the tailings pond’ s dam-break disaster is more reasonable. It is more feasible for safety department to make division of attention to supervision level of the tailings pond according to the determination results.

Abstract: Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was an important parameter of the aerosol monitoring. This study had proposed an improved method for measuring AOD using field spectrometer, which included a basic algorithm and a correction model together. By using this method, the AOD observed by field spectrometer kept quite consistent with those observed by sun photometer. The RMS of AOD observed by field spectrometer was less than 0.05 which met the precision requirement of the WMO. Besides, this method did not need long time to operate the instrument, and had no strict requirement for platform stability. So the improved method could be used to measure marine aerosols more accurately and handily, and it belonged to contribution for marine remote sensing technology.

Abstract: Based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure coupled with gas chromatography, a method for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biological samples was developed. The optimization of factors influencing the performances of SPME was studied in detail. To perform the HS-SPME polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane-divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) and polyacrylate (PA) fibers were compared on the basis of their absorption capacities for the selected compounds, and PDMS-DVB fiber was selected. The influence of various parameters on PCBs extraction efficiency by HS-SPME was studied using GC-electron capture detector (ECD). The linear range of most compounds was found to be between 1 and 100 μgL⁻¹ and the limits of detection were between 20.1 and 42.3 ngL⁻¹. The reproducibility of the method (n = 6), expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was between 4.63 and 9.71%. Finally, the optimization of method was applied to determine selected PCBs in biological samples.

Abstract: With the analyses of eight different heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn)’ contents and distributions in the topsoil of Kunming City, the results show that the average concentrations of these eight elements in the topsoil of Kunming City were much higher than the background concentrations in soil in China, and the pollution assessments with the Single factor index method and Nemerow Pollution Index method, the result shows that in Kunming City, the Xishan District and Wuhua District exist a certain degree of heavy metal pollution problem of soil, but the soil environment qualities of Panlong District and Guandu District are better than other districts; analyze the causation of heavy metal pollution of soil with the elements data and current situation of Kunming City, the heavy metal pollution sources mainly from industrial pollution and traffic pollution.

Abstract: The hydrogen-bond acid compound 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (BHPHFP) has been used as the sensing group progressively grafted on the mesoporous-silica MCM-41 carrier featured higher BET surface area via chemical coupling reaction by trimethoxysilanebutyraldehyde. Furthermore, it is successfully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), flourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and N₂ sorption isotherms. Then taking the quartz crystal microbalance sensor (QCM) as platform to form the organophosphorus vapor detection sensor, the sensing date of QCM sensor obtains the high sensitivity, repeatability and selectivity properties to detect the ppb-level concentration of organophosphorus vapor, which strongly testify the new material is a suitable sensing material for detecting organophosphorus trace-level vapor.