Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1092-1093

Abstract: The international Solar Decathlon competition, or SD, is known as the "Solar Energy Olympics". It was launched and organized by the United States Department of Energy for colleges and universities around the world to participate in building with solar power technology. The competition has been successfully held five times. With the help of the world’s top research and development, teams of technical and creative background design with solar energy utilization for building energy savings, automation and other technologies, to build and run a functioning, zero carbon, sustainable solar house. Tongji University and Tianjin University recently represented China at the Solar Decathlon competition, and achieved gratifying results. This paper will take the Tongji University's "Bamboo House" and Tianjin University's "Sunflower" as examples to introduce international solar house development trends.

Abstract: The most important part of energy use in hospital buildings is to identify its usage patterns and maintain power supply even in blackout situations, rather than to save energy. This paper presents the power energy usage patterns of general hospitals as basic data for the establishment of countermeasures in blackout situations.

Abstract: For the sake of compensating the defect of recycled aggregate and making full utilization of the mineral admixture’s unique characteristics, six recycled concrete columns with silica fume and hybrid fiber were tested under cyclic loading, the main variable of which was the different content of silica fume and fiber. Through the comparison of experimental phenomena analysis, the general rules of coefficient stiffness and energy dissipation capacities were obtained, and the corresponding theories could be analyzed with the experimental data. The results showed that the silica fume decreased early regeneration concrete column stiffness, the fiber of which increased, both the attenuation speeded increasingly with the increase in volume. Before the peak load, the energy consumption increased along with the lateral displacement’s increase, but after, the addition of fibers could make energy consumption increasing amplitude, which was better than silica fume.

Abstract: Series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of backyard depth to the wind environment of the atrium. In the first stage of this study it was found that the original designed narrow backyard is not conducive to induce wind flow into atrium. A CFD software was adopted to simulate the wind distribution with variant backyard depth. And the result shown, if the depth of backyard might allow the wake vortex to shed from the main house roof and formatted well then the velocity in the atrium would be increase. Not only the mean velocities were checked, also the uniformity of velocity in the atrium had be inspected. We found that the deeper backyard would increase the mean velocity contemporary . In the real situation of building sites, there might not be enough space for the backyard. In this study one more aisle was put beside the main house to check its effects . And the calculation results shown, that the two ailses will improve the flow rate from atrium to backyard even in the layout of original design and the wind environments also be improved. With this results it is evident that will also good for the natural ventilation and pollutant matter dispersed.

Abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer was widely applied to physics, chemistry and biomedicine. This research provided possible electron and valence information of environmental samples interaction through high sensitivity. The EPR signals of transition metals and organic radicals were distinguished well. Three kinds of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (MW50, MW30 and MWG) had strong EPR signals. Addition of transition metals may be a suitable way to decrease environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). The potential risks of EPFRs in BC and the reactive free electron in transition metals must be addressed to ensure their safe and scientific absorption application.

Abstract: For the protection of Jinan springs, based on the monitoring data of groundwater quality during dry seasons in 2013, the chemical characteristics evolution of karst water was analyzed by RockWare Aq·QA software, combined with hydrogeological conditions in jinan spring area. According to the groundwater quality standard, the present situation of karst water was evaluated. On the basis of the F value of evaluation, the groundwater quality zone is partitioned by ArcGIS software. The results show that: (1) the groundwater chemical types complicated from the single type (HCO₃–Ca and HCO₃–Ca·Mg) in 1950s to some new types (HCO₃·SO₄-Ca,Cl·HCO₃-Ca and Cl·SO₄-Ca); (2) karst water chemical environment has changed, so that karst erosion rate accelerated; (3) the groundwater quality partition shows most of this area is good water, only part of this area is IV,V type water (poor water). Research suggests Jinan karst water quality has been deteriorating.

Abstract: This thesis has listed rice as the research object, and by way of water treatment (water-saving treatment and CK treatment) and nitrogen-fertilizer treatment (N0, N1, N2, N3, N4), to analyze the effects of water and nitrogen fertilizer coupling on the yield and panicle architecture of rice. Results show that compared with CK, water-saving irrigation is more effective in promoting the yield. Under N-fertilizer treatment of N1, N2 and N3, the rice yield was increased by more than 10%; while under N0 and N4, the yield difference was not significant. With the increased apply of Nitrogen, under the two watering means, the yield both showed a tendency of firstly increase and later decrease. The yield hit the highest point in water-saving irrigation under N3, followed by water-saving irrigation under N2, and CK under N3.Under N2 and N3, the yield increased in water-saving irrigation was mainly contributed by the increase of the second rachis branches. The yield was increased by 30.69% and 30.37% under N2 and N3 separately. With water-saving irrigation, the yield under N3 is more than that under N2, this is mainly contributed by the increase of the grain number per panicle and the thousand seed weight. Under N3, the yield difference was not significant in either watering treatments, but water-saving irrigation has increased the average value of yield traits. Analysis of the panicle architecture has revealed that compared with CK, water-saving irrigation is more effective in increase the rice yield, which was mainly realized by the significant increase in the number of second rachis branches.

Abstract: Under adverse soil situations and simulated extreme climatic conditions, use the orthogonal design method and study the effect of 3 cultivars (Xinong Kang NO.4, NO.5 and Zhong mian NO.41 on lint output and quality by conducting the coupling water saving farming practice. The results showed that K4 and K5 perform better in output than the control (Zhong mian NO.41) and appeared drought resistant to some extent. No irrigation or with few irrigation (water saving), the outputs of the plots of irrigation regions suffering from water stress are better than control (irrigating two-three times), average output is increased by 8.11%. Compared with control, the plots with optimal combination of water saving farming practices and drought resistance have higher lint outputs and various fibers, increased by 4.62%~13.76% and by 5-10% on average separately. These demonstrated that coupling of water saving farming practices and drought-resistant varieties had significant effects on cotton output and quality, it provides water-saving agriculture engineering theory basis for the arid and semi-arid area.

Abstract: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is able to accumulate cadmium in leaves and reduction of cadmium content can reduce health hazards to smokers. In the present study, the influence of silicon on the growth, yield and the content and distribution of cadmium (Cd) in flue-cured tobacco plants in the presence of cadmium was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that Cd reduced the growth of both shoots and roots. Application of Si significantly increased the dry weight of roots and shoots in flue-cured tobacco grown in Cd contaminated soils, but not the largest leaf area. Si reduced the Cd concentration and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf of flue-cured tobacco compared with Cd alone. Si restricted the transport of Cd from roots to shoots. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 g/kg Si could enhance Cd tolerance in flue-cured tobacco and decrease of Cd accumulation in plant and Cd translocation to shoots.

Abstract: Heavy metal zinc is one of the trace elements necessary to the growth of vegetable, but Zn excessiveness also could cause damage. In this research, four vegetables were planted by soil culture method under different Zn²⁺ concentration controlled by the exogenous Zn²⁺ addition; their growth characteristics were analyzed to find the sensitive growth indexes to Zn and compare their tolerance to Zn pollution. Results show that: low concentration of Zn²⁺ (< 100 mg/kg) can promote significantly the plant height and the root length growth of all the four vegetables, while, as the exogenous Zn²⁺ increased to the concentration of 150 mg/ kg, the number of leaves, the above-ground dry biomass and the underground dry biomass were suppressed significantly; in this experiment, the four vegetables appeared different sensitivity to Zn stress, Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf appeared highest tolerance and Brassica chinensis appeared less sensitivity to Zn stress.