Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1092-1093

Abstract: This paper put forward the online safety control decision-making optimization based on operation risk of the grid. The method emphasized on combining with the present situation of the application of the three-defense-line by risk classification. Then new preventive control model based on risk is presented, and the effect to emergency control and corrective control is considered.

Abstract: This paper presents the design of energy supply and management system to achieve minimum cost of charging the electric vehicles and to reduce the peak power drawn by all electric loads in a microgrid. We consider energy management function at different levels of microgrid like, at stand-alone EV parking lot, at residential loads and at commercial building loads, etc. The energy supply and management system is not only connected to the power grid but also with a combination of fixed Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Local Area Network (LAN). First we perform load balancing among different kinds of loads in a microgrid such that extra electrical resource may be transferred to resource constrained loads by using game theoretic approach, and later we propose a distributed algorithm for load scheduling of electric vehicles parked in stand-alone parking lot in microgrid to minimize the sum of total energy cost for charging the battery of electric vehicles and spreading out the charging power equally over the charging time using interior point method (IPM). This results in reduction of peak charging power based on EVs own consumption schedule while they select the best response in energy consumption game.

Abstract: For the combustion calculation of coal fired boiler, a new concept of oxygen consumption for combustible material was proposed which was different from the traditional oxygen consumption for elements. A mathematical model was developed for the combustion calculation. The calculation formulas of theoretical air and flue gas volume were established through reasonable hypothesis and simplification, which were based on proximate analysis and net calorific value of coal. In contrast to the results of the elemental analysis for the 15 different kinds of coals which are typical in China, the average relative error of formulas is lower than 2%, the biggest relative error is 7.11%, which can be used for the control over boiler operation, testing and debugging, and calculation of heat transfer.

Abstract: In recent years, the computer software and technology and the rapid development of finite element theory promote the internal combustion engine dynamic analysis process, greatly improving the application of the internal combustion engine complex parts of the finite element analysis of the efficiency of the precision and reliability of.CAE technology in engine design in the field of eventually allow designers to design modern engine with high performance, low emission, low fuel consumption and low noise, light weight and miniaturization.

Abstract: Previously on the work [1-3] of excess heat triggering in a D/Pd gas-loading calorimeter system, we got that the system had the maximum excess power (6.398 ± 0.191 W) at the condition of an optimum current (8.47 A) and a deuterium pressure (3 × 10⁴ Pa). In order to get higher excess heat power and to confirm the reliability and accuracy of the excess heat triggered by current in the previous work, we did a serials of experiments under different conditions. The results came from the heat-flow calorimeter system showed that the system produced the maximum excess heat power (10.284 ± 3.402 W) when the D₂ pressure was 220 Pa. The key conditions of generating excess heat need to be further studied.

Abstract: The data of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) power and water consumption, from two different coal-fired power plants (100 MW and 1000 MW) under full load operation, are studied for the WFGD economic analysis of waste-heat-recovery transformation with the installation of low pressure economizer (LPE). The results of 100MW unit show that, WFGD inlet flue gas temperature drops from 155°C to 110°C, the benefits generated include power consumption of fans declines by 23.85% and water consumption of the smoke desulfurization absorption tower declines by 34.88%. In another case, the temperature of inlet flue gas from WFGD of 1000 MW unit drops from 130°C to 84°C, power consumption of fans increases by 15.04% while water consumption of the smoke desulfurization absorption tower declines by 73.1%. Besides, the flow resistance is increased in LPE water side due to the installation of LPE. This makes power consumption of condensate pump enhanced, which slightly decreases the benefits from waste heat recovery.

Abstract: Natural gas (NG) is one of the most promising alternative fuels of diesel and petrol because of its economics and environmental protection. Generally the NG engine share the similar structure profile with diesel or petrol engine but the combustion characteristics of NG is varied from the fuels, so the investigation of NG engine combustion process receive more attentions from the researchers. In this paper, a zero-dimensional model on the basis of Vibe function is built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The model provides the prediction of combustion process in natural gas engines, which has been verified by the experimental data in the NG test bed. Furthermore, the influence of NG composition on engine performance is investigated, in which the in-cylinder maximum pressure and temperature and mean indicated pressure are compared using different type NG. It is shown in the results that NG with higher composition of methane results in lower maximum temperature and mean indicated pressure as well as higher maximum pressure.

Abstract: Substitution ratio is an important parameter influencing on the performance of dual-fuel engine. In order to study the effects of substitution ratio on the emission characteristics of diesel/ methanol dual-fuel engine, a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine fueled with pilot diesel fuel and methanol. Methanol was injected into the intake pipe and ignited by pilot diesel fuel. Experiments were performed at a constant speed of 1400 r/min, and at three different engine loads of 40%, 60% and 100%. The experimental results indicate that CO and HC emissions of dual-fuel mode both increase significantly with the increase of substitution ratio, and are higher than those of diesel mode. Compared to diesel mode, dual-fuel mode generates lower NOx and smoke emissions. In addition, as substitution ratio increases, NOx and smoke emissions are decreased.

Abstract: The combustion characteristics of an HCCI engine fueled with n-butanol were investigated on a modified two-cylinder, four stoke diesel engine. The experiments were conducted on the HCCI engine with λ of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, and the intake air temperature and engine speed were kept at 140 °C and 1000rpm, respectively. Effects of λ on combustion characteristics including in-cylinder pressure rise rate, heat release rate, CA05 and combustion duration of HCCI combustion engine are discussed in details based on the recorded in-cylinder pressure. The results indicate that in-cylinder pressure and the rate of pressure rise both decrease with the increase of λ, the maximum heat release rate also decreases with the increase of λ but occurs at late crank angles. In addition, as λ increases, the combustion phasing retards and combustion duration becomes longer.

Abstract: Cooling performance of air conditioning is an important indicator in evaluating vehicle comfort. In this paper, taking three vehicles as examples, it evaluates the differences in cooling performance of air conditioning and passenger comfort by measuring the temperature of central vent and head room of driving position, researching the actual situation of temperature changes and analyzing the influence of cooling speed, strength and cabin shape to temperature.