Advanced Materials Research Vols. 160-162

Abstract: In order to solve the reconfigurable assembly line sequencing problem, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is presented, which includes three practically important objectives. Such as minimizing the total utility work cost, minimizing the total production rate variation and minimizing reconfigurable setup cost are considered. A scheduling method for reconfigurable assembly line is proposed based on Pareto multi-objective genetic algorithm, In order to ensure the group’s variety, prevent the premature convergence problem and enhance the globe-optimization capability, some key technologies such as population ranking method, Niche technique are applied. The adaptive crossover and mutation probabilities methods are developed. The computational results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm finds solutions with better quality especially in the case of large-sized problems.

Abstract: In this paper, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) was applied to treat the synthetic wastewater in the matrix of starch and glucose. the reactor was started using low loading start-up , VLR controlled at 0.59~11.05kgCOD/m3•d, there are some granular sludge appeared after running 18 days. The figure and size of granular sludge in each compartment revealed different characteristics due to the changing of OLRs and shear force between gas and liquid in each compartment. The COD removal efficiency was higher than 90% and steady when the reactor’s start-up finished.When the anaerobic granular sludge appeared in the reactor, the VLR was 1.29kgCOD/(m3•d)、COD removal efficiency was 83％、hydraulic surface loading was 0.078m3/m2.h and an HRT was 30h. The VLR had remarkable influence on COD removal efficiency、VFA、pH and ALK. When VLR was 5.57kgCOD/(m3•d), COD removal efficiency and ALK were the minimum, VFA in the outflow exceeded 1000mg/L, reactor’s efficiency decreased .The reactor recovered after adjusting VLR and ALK value. Compared with the third and fourth compartments, the first and second compartments were less sensitive to changing of VFA. When pH deviated from adapt range, the COD removal efficiency was decreased obviously, so pH value was kept in the range of 6.2 to 6.5 for the later stage of experiments.

Abstract: With superheated steam from thermal power plants for medium, the fluidized bed jet mill which had improved vertical turbine classifier was used to study Superheated steam as media in processing ultra-fine fly ash technology. Experiment tested the energy consumption of processing fly ash with superheated steam, which was converted into standard coal compared with the air jet mill technology to prove the environment and energy saving advantages in superheated steam-gas processing ultra-fine fly ash. Experimental results showed that this technology has low energy consumption, high grinding force, and its grinding, grading, collection process is completely in dry method, so this technology is an ideal method for processing ultra-fine fly ash by low-cost and large-scale. At the same time, this paper assessed the environmental benefits of some environmental indicators. Finally, the applications of this technology are summarized.

Abstract: The total amount of heavy metal in Ming and Qing dynasties smelted residue was analyzed. Also leaching solution’s acute toxicity of heavy metal in waste residue was discussed.The results showed that the residual quantity of heavy metal(zinc and plumbum) in residue was up to 6.97%. After several hundred years of lixiviation by rainwater, heavy metal (zinc and plumbum) which had released to circumstance was more than 1.71%.Heavy metal in ancient leaching has declined and Residue in Zn is only a very small part of the leaching, Pb leaching below the detection limit ,Cr, and Cd there was leachingonly a small amount .According to pre-test results, limiting test method was adopted to carry out acute toxicity test on waste residue’s leaching solution.The results of acute toxicity test showed that acute oral LD50(median lethal doses) in mice of waste residue’s leaching solution was bigger than 20ml/kg.bw. Mice in the experiment appeared no dead and no abnormal behavior. But mice significantly decreased bodyweight gain. At the end of the experiment, mice were anatomical examined for liver and kidney. No abnormal change was found. It was no significant difference compared with the control group. It showed that residual quantity of heavy metal in residue was high. Although reduce the leaching toxicity, but the acute toxicity harm still existed.

Abstract: A new woodceramics was developed by furane resin and bamboo powder. Microstructures and phase identification of woodceramics were performed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The effect of content of furane resin on carbon yield ratio，dimension shrinkage，apparent density，comprehensive strength and volume electrical resistivity of woodceramics were investigated. The results show that the woodceramics is a kind of carbon/carbon composite composed by bamboo charcoal and glassy carbon, content of furane resin has a significant effect on the microstructure of woodceramics, but has a slight effect on the crystallinity of woodceramics. The carbon yield ratio, apparent density and comprehensive strength increase, and the dimension shrinkage and volume electrical resistivity decrease as the content of furane resin increases.

Abstract: With the ban of Sn-Pb alloys coated on Cu leads in electronic devices, the electronic packaging industry uses Pb-free Sn alloys as the coating materials. This replacement meets a widely concern that Pb-free Sn alloys have a stronger propensity to grow whiskers on the surface of the coating. The experimental samples have been plated a pure Sn coating on Cu leads by an industrial plating process before the accelerated tests. The study executed three different environment conditions to estimate whiskers growth on the Sn coating of Cu leads. They were Room Temperature/Humidity Storage (RS), High Temperature/Humidity Storage (TH) and Temperature Cycling (TC). No whisker had been found in the samples during the RS tests since this environment condition had not destroyed the surface continuity to promote whiskers grow out of the Sn coating. In the TH tests, the moisture degraded the coating surface to produce the electrochemical corrosion on some local areas. Sn whiskers were easy prone to grow from the corroded areas on the coating surface with a high rate. In the TC tests, Sn whiskers grew from the cracks on the coating surface with a high density based on the mechanism of the thermal fatigue. The alternating stress in the coating surface induced by the temperature fluctuation tore the Sn oxide grains to form cracks and provide a growth path for Sn whiskers on the coating surface.

Abstract: Pure hydroxyapatite (HA) is brittle and it cannot be directly used for the load-bearing biomedical applications. Aim of this paper was to present a new iron-containing hydroxyapatite/titanium composites synthesized via pressureless sintering at a relatively low temperature of 1000°C using nano-sized HA powders and Ti-33%Fe mixed powders. The microstructure and composition of the new type composites were evaluated. The results showed that the uniformly distributed reinforcing particles had a unique and favorable core/shell microstructure after sintering that consisted of outer titanium and inner iron. The mechanism for the formation of the core/shell structure was discussed. The addition of iron reduced the decomposition rate of HA and the interaction between HA and titanium.

Abstract: A new LiFePO4-based phase composite LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4/(C+LiFeP2O7)was synthesized by solid state method . The amorphous carbon and phosphate LiFeP2O7 consisted of the protective layer and coated the surface of the solid solution LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 The phosphate LiFeP2O7 was detected though XRD(X-ray diffraction)and CV(cyclic voltammetry).Morphology of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it illustrated Ti4+ had been induced into the crystal lattice of LiFePO4 and formed the solid solution LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4.The data of charge-discharge tests showed the composite had excellent electrochemical properties. Initial charge and discharge capacity of LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4/(C+LiFeP2O7) had reached 157.9mAh/g and 155.2mAh/g at the rate of 0.1 C, respectively. At 1C, the discharge capacity of the composite remained 125mAh/g after 100 cycles.

Abstract: A pure AlPO4-11 (AEL) zeolite crystal is optically transparent in visible region and a good insulator with thermal stability up to 1173 K. These excellent physical properties, plus their unique elliptical pore structures, make them an excellent template to fabricate ultra-thin single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs).We studied the polarization dependence Raman spectra for (2,2) SWNTs formed inside the channels of AEL crystals. These (2,2) SWNTs acts as a dipolar antenna, polarized along the crystal channels axis. The polarization angle dependence of the Raman intensity indicates that the enclosed (2,2) SWNTs are highly oriented in the channels with their dipole transition moment mostly along the channels.

Abstract: A study to investigate the effect of hardening models on roller hemming in the case of aluminum alloy sheets is described in this approach. The most popular hardening models including isotropic hardening, kinematic hardening and combined hardening are studied using the uniaxial tension tests. Then the roll-in/out values over the hemline along width direction after pre-hemming with different hardening models are compared with the experimental results. It is verified that combined hardening model is most efficient to predict roll-in/out.