Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: In order to discover main reaction mechanism of CH₄ in NOx removal by methane reburning, reactions between CH4 and NOx were simulated from the point of reaction kinetics. Simulating result demonstrated that reaction temperature and excessive air coefficient were main factors influencing DeNOx efficiency. NO could be directly reduced by free radicals including H, HO₂, HCCO and O. Firstly, NO was mainly reduced by HO₂.Secondly,NO was mainly reduced by H. Hydrocarbon radicals such as CH₃, CH₂, C₂H₄, CH₂O, C₂H₆, CH₂CO, HCN, HCNO, HNCO were produced in reaction processes as intermediate products. Lots of free radicals were consumed or produced in reaction and led to concentration variation of NO. At the same time, NO could be directly reduced by hydrocarbon radicals such as CH₃, CH₂.Therefore, hydrocarbon radicals have important influence on removal efficiency of NOx during methane reburning.

Abstract: This paper presents a study of the thermal activation of coal-gangue. The samples were tested and analyzed using Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Magic Angle Spin Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Results indicate that the degree of coal-gangue activation varies with variations in the phase structure and coordination of aluminum at different temperatures.

Abstract: Nanoscale Ferric Oxide was prepared from natural hematite and characterized. Using it as catalyst, methylene blue-simulated wastewater was treated by photocatalytic degradation with high-voltage mercury lamp and sunlight as excitation light source. Main factors, including the preparation conditions and dosage of ferric oxide, pH value, reaction time and initial concentration of simulated wastewater, and their influence to treatment effect were discussed. Test results showed that at a pulverization time of 1.5h, calcination time of 2h at 500°C, initial methylene blue (MB) concentration of 20mg/L, pH=2 and a ferric oxide dosage of 0.01g/30ml, for both high-voltage mercury lamp and sunlight, MB wastewater was degraded effectively in lab-scale experiment; after 5h’s radiation, MB concentrations were reduced from 20mg/L to 0.51mg/L and 9.18mg/L respectively. With sunlight as the radiation light source, an enlarged experiment was done on a custom-built device, and MB concentration was reduced from 20mg/L to 0.11mg/L, which was significantly better than treatment results from lab-scale experiments and UV radiation. MB photocatatytic degradation reactions at different initial concentrations were in accordance with Lagergren’s pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. Spectral analysis of degradation products showed that MB molecules were degraded to inorganic ions.

Abstract: The study demonstrates the starter construction and its solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw as substrate for lignocellulases production. The starter is constructed by natural microflora growing on rice straw additionally reinforced with Aspergillus niger ZJU-RYD1, using the SSF substrate rice straw with 90% moisture content, successfully produced the integrate and high active lignocellulases at about 72 h, i.e. CMCase 12.44 U/g, cellobiase 12.05 U/g, FPAase 3.18 U/g, xylanase 365.61 U/g, lassase 2.48 U/g. In this study the strategy is satisfactorily developed to construct the starter for high effective and low-cost production of lignocellulases using rice straw as substrate, based on natural microflora and additional reinforcing with special strain.

Abstract: The study demonstrates the starter construction and its solid state fermentation (SSF) using metropolis lignocellulosic waste defoliation supplemented with wheat bran as substrates for lignocellulases production. The starter is constructed by natural microflora growing on defoliation additionally reinforced with Aspergillus niger ZJU-RYD1, using the SSF substrate defoliation with 90% moisture content, successfully produced the integrate and high active lignocellulases at about 120 h, i.e. CMCase 8.58 U/g, cellobiase 10.97 U/g, FPAase 2.21 U/g, xylanase 446.25 U/g, lassase 9.21U/g. In this study, the strategy is satisfactorily developed to construct the starter for high effective and low-cost production of lignocellulases using metropolis lignocellulosic waste defoliation as substrate, based on natural microflora and additional reinforcing with special strain

Abstract: In compliance with the Hong Kong international convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, Japan was active in ship recycling project and its researches. This paper describes the detailed ship recycling process and researches on the development of technology of dismantling and cutting method, and then prospect in the future.

Abstract: Through comparative experiments of products that treated by microwave, researched on the feasibility of disposing oil sludge with microwave technology, analyzed the influence of different microwave parameters (power of microwave and microwave effect time) on the treatment effect, and theoretically analyzed the mechanism of harmless and resourceful treatment of oil sludge with microwave. The experimental and theoretical studies have shown that, microwave radiation has the characteristic of quickly and efficiently, energy conservation and environmental protection, and superior to traditional heating treatment technology. Microwave thermal effect and non-thermal effect can make heavy hydrocarbon cracking, speed up the process of oil sludge separation for gas phase, liquid phase, and solid phase, and achieve the oil sludge harmless and resourceful treatment.

Abstract: Medical waste is characteristic with high pollution and high risk. On the basis of analyzing typical transport process and disposal process of rural medical waste, the problems of rural medical waste management and disposal are pointed out. Countermeasures to strengthen rural medical waste management and disposal are proposed.

Abstract: Oil refining process will produce waste water, oil foot, soap, scarp clay, deodorizer distillate. A large number of by-products (oil foot, soap, deodorizer distillate) as a pharmaceutical and chemical raw materials, with high economic value.If we turning waste into treasure, with a complete process from the deodorizer distillate extract tocopherols, sterols, squalene, and to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as biodiesel), integrated development and production of high value-added products that can bring significant social and economic benefits. At the same time a more reasonable treatment of the oil refining waste, and protecting our environment for survival.

Abstract: The microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF) integrated membrane technologies were used in the advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater. The ZrO₂ MF membrane was used to remove colloidal species from the wastewater before NF. The effects of permeate flux, COD_Cr rejection, the removal effects of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus by polyamide NF membrane were investigated. The results indicated that the turbidity removal efficiency was 76.7%~95.0%. COD_Cr rejection was range from 33.3% to 54.9% by MF. After the process of NF, COD_Cr rejection was between 66.65% and 91.18%. The removal effects of both color and turbidity were 100%. The value of pH was 6~7. The COD_Cr was smaller than 60mg•L^-1. The value of ammonia nitrogen was smaller than 7mg•L^-1. The value of total phosphorus was smaller than 0.5mg•L^-1. It came up to the quality standard of recycling raw water for industrial uses. It can be used as the water for industrial.