Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: The micro-emulsion liquid membrane (MELM) was prepared for the extraction of hexavalent chromium (Cr (Ⅵ)) from wastewater. The membrane phase consists of kerosene as a membrane solvent, tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a mobile carrier, and sorbitan monooleate(Span80) as a surfactant. A NaOH solution is the internal aqueous phase. The effects of different conditions on the extractive of Cr (Ⅵ) were discussed. The results showed that the removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) could reach 99.78% when the NaOH concentration was of 0.1mol•L^-1 in internal phase, the pH values 1.0-1.75 in external phase, Rew of 1:3 and Roi of 2:1, stirring time of 12min and stirring rate of 320r•min^-1, 10% of carrier and 15%-17% of surfactant.

Abstract: In dealing with auto manufacturing wastewater, aerobic process was viewed as the follow-up treatment of anaerobic process. Studying on the system of aerobic contact oxidation, all kinds of factors (HRT, influent CODCr concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, alkalinity) effect on removal efficiency of the anaerobic effluent CODCr, NH4^{+ –}N, NO₃ ^–N and turbidity. The results showed that: when the filtration rate is less than 0.0625ml•h^-1, in the aerobic contact oxidation system ,the organic pollutant′s removal efficiency is very stable; in system, when dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 10.00ml•h^-1, its removal efficiency keep a higher level; aerobic process could remove 81% of COD of the influent，and the effluent COD could meet the qualityⅡ of Discharge standard of wastewater pollutants for industry(GB8978—1996) .

Abstract: Appropriate application of organic materials to agricultural soil is considered to be a valuable alternative to landfills or incineration and a good management practice for maintaining soil fertility and sustainable crop production. This study was performed to evaluate the potential use of five organic materials (peat moss, bran coat, asparagus residue, turf clipping and soybean residue) as soil amendments and/or fertilizers for greenhouse cucumber production. Each organic material was applied to greenhouse soil at the rate of 7.5 t ha^-1. The application of organic materials to the greenhouse soil produced an improvement in the soil properties as well as in the cucumber growth, yield and quality, especially low-cost asparagus residues, turf clipping and soybean residues. Nevertheless, these improvements depended on the chemical composition of organic materials. In particular, all organic materials significantly increased soil potassium content. Asparagus residues significantly increased soil phosphorus content. This study demonstrated that asparagus residues, turf clipping and soybean residues were suitable for use as soil amendments and/or fertilizers for greenhouse cucumber production in terms of economic evaluation.

Abstract: In the process of oil production and processing, there will be produced large amounts of oily sludge, which is one of the important factors that have adverse effects on oil field and surrounding environmental quality. This paper reviewed the current treatment methods of oily sludge, and prospected the future research and development tendency.

Abstract: Corn starch, acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium were used as the raw materials and ammonium persulfate as initiator, cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared, and then the prepared cationic starch graft copolymer is applied to flocculate wastewater from bleaching. The results show that The flocculation of cationic starch graft copolymer to wastewater from increases first and then decreases after the reach of the peak with the increase of the cationic degree of the cationic starch graft copolymer, addition amount, flocculating temperature and flocculating time. When the cationic degree of the cationic starch graft copolymer is 27.38%, the addition amount is 7.5%, the flocculating temperature is 50°C and the flocculating time is 30min, the flocculation of cationic starch graft copolymer to wastewater is the best. The flocculation of alum/cationic starch graft copolymer is better than cationic starch graft copolymer is used only. Introduction

Abstract: Paper industry is one of the major environmental pollution industries in china, pulp and paper industry wastewater discharge amount is from 10% to 12% of the national total wastewater discharge amount. Cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared in laboratory and used to treat papermaking wastewater. The effects of its cationic degree, dosage, flocculation temperature, flocculation time and the combination with alum on papermaking wastewater treatment were investigated. It was found that the best flocculation in the treatment of papermaking wastewater is achieved when cationic degree of cationic starch graft copolymer is 27.38%, adding amount is 15mL, flocculation temperature is 50°C and the mass ratio of alum to cationic starch graft copolymer is 2: 1. The flocculation of composite flocculant made up with alum to cationic starch graft copolymer to papermaking wastewater is much better than only cationic starch graft copolymer is used.

Abstract: This graphite belongs to graphite schist deposits, the main mineral component is feldspar, quartz, diopside, amphibole, followed by mica, chlorite, calcite, pyrite, etc.; The average particle size of the mineral is 0.10 mm. After experimental evidence, the direct use of graphite mine tailings, ordinary cement, foamer and other materials for prepared foam concrete, and its performance fully meet the requirements of B07 density rate in JC/T 1062-2007 standard and the middle strength for the A2.5.

Abstract: Domestic waste is easily decomposed by microbes to produce odor detrimental to environmental quality. The production of biofertilizer is one of low environment pollution method for domestic waste treatment. The effect of biofertilizer from domestic waste on Chinese traditional vegetable, pak choi (Brassica chinensis), was investigated. The biofertilizer from domestic waste can improve output with 79.7% and increase the chlorophyll content of pak choi. The biofertilizer treatment with more than 100 kg/hm² can increase phosphorous accumulation and the treatment with 1000 kg/hm² has the highest potassium accumulation in the above-ground fraction of pak choi. The biofertilizer at 1000 kg/hm² level has the similar effects for absorption of nutritional elements of N, P and K with chemical fertilizer. The biofertilizer, especially at 1000 kg/hm² level, can improve the organic matter index of soil.

Abstract: Leaching was an important way of hazardous trace elements from coal gangue causing environment pollution. Based on the leaching experiments of coal gangue from some mining area in Henan, the changing regularities of pH values and leaching contents of hazardous trace elements from coal gangue were studied. The different experiments of leaching impacted on the environmental significance of hazardous trace elements from coal gangue were probed in the paper.

Abstract: Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal. The investigation was conducted to remove Pb(II) from storage battery industry wastewater by using electrodialysis (ED) in laboratory. The storage battery industry wastewater has an initial Pb(II) concentration of 8.5 mg/L. The performance of ED is determined by a set of fixed and variable process parameters such as inlet concentration, operating current density, and operating flow rate. Like all the efficient ED operations, the process has to be optimized in terms of overall costs considering cell component designs and properties as well as all operating parameters. Under the conditions of operating current density at 3 A/cm², liquid flow rate of 300 L/h and circulation time of 5~6, the Pb(II) concentration of storage battery industrial outlet wastewater can be reduced to below 0.01mg/L and the conductivity could be reduced below 10 s/cm. The treated water could be reused in the manufacture of storage battery. A mathematical correlationship of J_lim＝10.379V^0.5324C, which described the characteristics of the equipment, was finally obtained. The results showed that Pb(II) wastewater of the storage battery industry could be effective treated by ED and the separation process presented several advantages such as highly selective desalination, high water recovery and the possibility of an intermittent operation. Operation cost of the EDR mini-plant was also estimated in this project. Total operation cost including electricity fee and chemical cost is about $0.102/m³ of treated water.