Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: Under the rapid growth of world’s economy and population, the demand for water and energy has been increasing accordingly. Moreover, water and energy are interrelated and form a reinforcing feedback loop. Energy is used not only onsite of water supply systems, but also indirectly for producing materials used in the water systems. As a result, it is important to understand and evaluate the energy embodiment of water supply for sustainable water and energy management. This study uses the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment software to estimate and compare the embodied energy of one China water supply system (System A) and one US water supply system (System B). It has been found that System B in the US has comparable direct operational energy consumption with System A in China; however, System B consumes much more indirect energy and constructional energy than System A. Possible reasons for the higher indirect energy use in System B might be more administrative and engineering (maintenance and repairing) services involved, lower transportation efficiency, more self water usage within the system and higher labor rates. To satisfy the water demand for the large population, China’s water supply systems have to reduce direct energy consumption during the operation phase by conducting energy budget and adopting energy efficient technologies.

Abstract: The recirculating cooling water treatment process of low carbon & environmental protection adopts advanced design concepts of passive and energy saving and emission reduction. This process will be used widely in fossil-fueled power plant, which uses municipal reclaimed water or coal mine drainage. The operation results show that the effluent quality is stable, the concentration ratio is higher and the recirculating cooling water quality is better than the design criteria. It meets the safety and economic operation of units.

Abstract: The water quality chemical stability of Jinan's three waterworks (Quehua, Yuqing and Nanjiao waterworks) was analyzed through determination of several parameters affecting the chemical stability of water quality, including temperature, pH, Ca content, alkalinity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, chlorides, sulfates. For comprehensive and objective evaluation of the chemical stability of water, four water stability indexes LSI, RSI, AI, LR were used in this paper. The resulted index values indicated the corrosion in Jinan water distribution system may occur, and different source waters have different chemical characteristics. Yellow river water (Yuqing and Quehua) is high in chlorides and sulfates, while Nanjiao water is low in chlorides and sulfates. The improvement measure to chemical stability of water quality in Jinan City water distribution system included adding alkalinity, and blending water from different waters to reduce LR. The research proposed a way to control red water problem, which is meaningful to protect pipe works and improve tap water quality.

Abstract: By analyzing the present status of water supply system of our country, the concept of subarea of city water supply system is detailed. Pointing out that the subarea is the foundation of optimal control. Then the method of subarea based on the boundary of water supply and the pressure of the nodes is brought forward, and how to programming between and in the small area is discussed. Through subarea, the functions of pipes are definite. So we can more easily compute the flow of some area, control the pressure of pipes, optimize the water supply system. Thus, the aim to reducing the pipe leaks and improving the benefit on economy is obtained.

Abstract: The breathing mechanism of a transverse crack in an elastic shaft has been extensively researched. Although many different crack models have been presented, little published research has explored experimentally how the shaft crack breathing mechanism interacts with the change of stiffness during each revolution. This study addressed static analysis of the stiffness of elastic shafts with experimentally-induced fatigue, welding or wire cut transverse cracks. Bending stiffness was measured from different angles under a three point bending fixture, to efficiently define the correct periodical stiffness variation for different crack types. The opening and closing of each crack (breathing effect) were investigated for their association with shaft stiffness. It was found that width of the crack opening gap is a crucial factor which influences the crack breathing behaviour. Experimental results are expected to assist with crack diagnosis.

Abstract: During the strong near-source ground motions, adjacent bridge decks often collide each other because of the insufficient separations. Pounding can cause severe bridge damage, or even result in unseating if the seating length is not enough. In this study, the bridge structure is modeled by a finite element method. The subsoil is represented by steel springs and viscous dampers. The considered reduction measure consists of steel springs with additional friction element. The nonlinear analysis is performed in the time domain. The considered earthquakes are the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The reduction of the relative displacement and pounding forces of the two bridge decks is investigated. The investigations reveal that the proposed reduction measure can be used to reduce the seismic responses between two bridge decks with their neighboring abutments.

Abstract: Excessive traffic noise is a major environmental complaint in residential areas. This paper investigates a SOA based hierarchical services structure for urban traffic strategic noise mapping. Service Oriented Computing Environment (SORCER) is employed to build a highly flexible distributed platform. As the key service in our structure, Noise Propagation Calculation Service and its technical detail will be introduced. The service implements functions of sound objects generation, attenuation terms calculation and line source segmentation. The Noise Propagation Calculation Service aims to generate good-quality calculation solutions in a reasonable time. At last, this paper introduces a real traffic noise mapping project to demonstrate the service and the architecture.

Abstract: Using the method of GC-ECD detect the residual DDT in the early and late rice from eleven cities of Jiangxi province. The results show that DDTs are detected both in the early and late rice. Residual DDT in early rice varies from 2.846μg/kg to 147.413μg/kg and the average level is 64.929μg/kg while to the late rice, residue is in the range of 26.900-163.920μg/kg and average level is 84.182μg/kg, the residual DDT in both of the two kinds of rice are under the limited value of national food hygiene standards. At the same time, there are big differences in different regions. The DDT’s coefficient of variation in early rice and late rice are 76.26% and 61.23% respectively. The industry makes a contribution to the different residual of DDT between early and late rice. Results also show that 60% of regions in Jiangxi province have new input of DDT，relevant departments should pay attention on it. Meanwhile, the new input of DDT in the early rice from Yingtan and late rice from Ji’an probably comes from atmospheric deposition or usage pesticides containing DDT.

Abstract: The comprehensive assessment of environmental quality is useful for comparison of environmental quality and identification of pollution trends. In the comprehensive assessment methods, many studies proved that grey clustering method is accurate and effective. However, the zero-weight problem occurs in the traditional grey clustering method (TGCM). This flaw may lead to the assessment result distortion. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a modified grey clustering method (MGCM) in which the linear whitening functions in the traditional grey clustering method is replaced by exponential functions. The modified method was applied to assess water quality of four monitoring sections in the Yuhang section of the Tiaoxi River. Then, the results were compared with those obtained with the TGCM. The comparisons show that solving the zero-weight problem can lead to different assessment results and the MGCM is effective to solve the zero-weight problem. The MGCM is more accurate than the TGCM.

Abstract: o prevent further environmental pollution hazards after the accident of vessel sinking, shipwreck environmental pollution risk evaluation model was established based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on systems engineering ideas, risk system consisted of shipwreck-cargo-shipwreck area-environment was established. Through statistical analysis of historical accidents and summary of expert experience, shipwreck risk evaluation indices system and the classification standards for indices were determined and the weight of each index was determined. The shipwreck environmental pollution risk evaluation model effectively improved our country’s shipwreck risk assessment mechanisms, and scientific management of shipwreck by maritime safety administration were achieved.