Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: To investigate the characteristics of size distributions and water-soluble ions compositions of atmospheric aerosol in different weather conditions in the area of Yangtze River delta in China, aerosol samples were collected with Andersen cascade sampler on typical clear and hazy days at Lin’an regional background station. The water-soluble ionic concentrations were analyzed by the ion chromatography (IC). Results showed the concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ and K+ on hazy days were 20.14, 17.45, 10.30, and 1.27µg m-3 in fine particles, respectively, and the concentrations of NO3-, NH4+ and K+ were 14.50, 2.35 and 0.50µg m-3 in coarse particles, respectively. This was 1.1-2.9 times higher than on clear days. The concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and Cl- on hazy days were 2.67, 1.33, 0.37, and 1.03µg m-3 in fine particles, respectively, and the concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- were 4.34, 1.27, 0.41, 0.89 and 2.08µg m-3 in coarse particles, respectively. This was 0.6-0.9 times lower than on clear days. K+ and secondary particles including sulfate, nitrate and ammonium came from the long-range transport which mainly from the area of Yangtze River delta, which was the main cause of formation of haze.

Abstract: From the perspective of clean production process, this paper summarizes the present research status of green cooling machining at home and abroad and analyzes the problems of coolant cooling during machining metal materials in traditional method and. The green cutting process tests using water vapor for cooling lubricant were done and the single-factor method was used. The cutting tests for the high-temperature alloy GH4169, titanium alloy TC4 and stainless steel Cr12 were done by the carbide cutting toolsunder th condition of distilled water, emulsion, water vapor for cooling lubricant and dry cutting. These tests results showed that in same process parameters, main cutting force Fc can be reduced by about 30%, 26% and 22% respectively when using water vapor for cooling lubricant than using dry cutting, distilled water and emulsion, while the cutting temperature T can be decreased by about 12%, 6% and 3% respectively.

Abstract: A new kind of cellulosic adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared by grafting copolymerization in microwave irradiation field, where acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were used as monomers and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as bond. The effects of factors such as microwave irradiation power and time, dosage of initiator (sodium persulfate) and crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide), and neutralization degree on the adsorption for Cu²⁺ were investigated. Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation power and time was 360 W and 3.5 min, respectively; dosage of initiator and crosslinker was 4.1 g/L and 1.9 g/L, respectively, and neutralization degree was 75%.

Abstract: Abstract. The effects of temperature and pH value on hydrolytic stability of Reactive Black 5, and the effects of pH buffer on pH value stability of dye solution and ink prepared by Reactive Black 5 are studied in this paper. The results show that the final pH value decrease with the increase of temperature, both elimination reaction rate and hydrolysis reaction rate of Reactive Black 5 increase with the increase of temperature, and elimination reaction is the main factor of affecting pH value of dye solution at low temperature, but hydrolysis reaction will become the main factor at high temperature. The increase of initial pH value can increase the decrease rate of pH value of dye solution in the beginning time, Reactive Black 5 can keep at equilibrium state of elimination reaction and hydrolysis reaction at the pH value of 4.4 and temperature of 40 °C, and the elimination reaction rate will increase with the increase of initial pH value at 40 °C. Adding pH buffers into dye solutions can significantly reduce the decrease extent of pH values, and the pH buffer of NaH2PO4/ Na₂HPO₄ has the strongest ability of stabilizing pH value, the increase of amount of NaH2PO4/ Na₂HPO₄ can reduces the decrease extent of pH value, and the initial pH value of dye solution increases with the increase of proportion of Na₂HPO₄ in the pH buffer. When applied in ink, NaH₂PO₄/ Na₂HPO₄ still has the strongest ability of stabilizing pH value while it has little effects on properties of ink.

Abstract: Ecological footprint model is the main method of evaluating ecological carrying capacity and currently the model has been widely used in foreign and China. According to three scale of global, nation and urban, the study cases of ecological application model application in foreign countries are introduced and according to three scale of China and province, city and county ,the study cases of ecological footprint model are described in China. Those study cases provide references for the application of ecological footprint model in Chinese small areas.

Abstract: Beijing urban agricultural fertilizer dosage is large, low utilization efficiency, serious pollution, according to the two different disposal status of combustion and gasification of agricultural straw, combining with the calculation method of greenhouse gas recognized by 2006 IPCC which related scholars had studied, ecological footprint calculation of Beijing urban agricultural fertilizer and agricultural straw was summarized and developed systematically, to laid foundation for the study of Beijing urban ecological carrying capacity.

Abstract: Aspen Plus is a process software with great functions, almost all chemical process could be described by using it. Based on experimental equipment composition and related experimental results, a simulation model of biomass pyrolysis process occurring in a fluidized bed reactor is successfully developed. Via sensitivity analysis on products’ output change along with reaction temperature’s change and analysis of mutual relationship between fractions of product residues, reaction regulation of biomass pyrolysis process could be received. As a result, this model provides a useful description of the process for producing gas, liquid and solid products, however, receiving more data from experiment is the precondition of the simulation model’s optimization.

Abstract: An efficiency new cleaning treatment on printing and dyeing waste water was designed on the basis such as the iron-carbon original cell reaction, the redox reaction, as well as the magnetization synergy effect. Further experiments to prove all these principles and theories worked well were carried out. Meanwhile, some of the best groups of parameters were found. With this new treatment named as magnetized waste iron filter column treatment, the COD removal rate could be as high as 88% while the decolorization rate was 95%.

Abstract: Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used in antimicrobial preparations, heat transfer fluids, semi-conductors or intrauterine contraceptive devices. Nanoparticles with unique magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic properties are being engineered for numerous biomedical applications, including imaging, diagnostics and therapy. However, potentially harmful interactions can occur between nanoparticles and living systems, including humans. The present study was aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of CuO NPs in human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549). A reduction in cell viability as a function of NP concentration for 24h was observed. CuO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in cells indicated by generation of H₂O₂. Our data demonstrates that CuO NPs even at low concentrations lead to cell membrane damage in human epidermal cells which may be mediated through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, however, induced little effect to Mitochondria. Hence, caution should be taken in their widely use as well as while handling.

Abstract: Lab-cultured Ulva pertusa were exposed to three selected types of contaminated areas (industry, mariculture and living) and one relatively clean area near Dalian seashore for 1, 3, 5 and 14 days. Relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and activities of two kinds of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were measured and compared with their lab controls at different time points, respectively. No significant change was observed in either relative growth rate or chlorophyll content in 1-day exposed samples, while obvious decreases were observed in relative long-period (3, 7 and 14 days) exposed samples. Antioxidant defense enzymes activities were stimulated to increase after 1-day exposure and decrease after relative long-period exposure. Significant statistical decreases were found in the relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and antioxidant defense enzymes activities of samples from industry pollution area, which indicates a more serious pollution situation in industry area than the other two areas near Dalian seashore. Above results demonstrated the established method would be useful for biological evaluation of multiplex pollution in real situation.