Advanced Materials Research Vols. 602-604

Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of soy protein isolate (SPI)-maltodextrin conjugates on the freeze-thaw stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Covalent coupling of maltodextrin to SPI was achieved by wet heating of SPI- maltodextrin mixtures of different weight ratios and different protein contents at 70,80,90,100°C for 1 to 5 h. The freeze-thaw stability was characterized by measurements of creaming index and oiling off after isothermal storage at -20 °C for 24 h and further thawing. Compared with those stabilized by SPI alone, o/w emulsions stabilized by SPI-maltodextrin conjugates showed a higher stability against freeze-thaw treatment, exhibiting a lower creaming index and oiling off.

Abstract: Diatomite was modified by microwave treatment to increase their utilization value, using modified diatomite to treat ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The experiment indicated that adsorption process of modification of the modified time by microwaves and microwave power is the impact of ammonia adsorption of the main factors. Through modification experiments by raising the capacity of diatomite adsorption ammonia nitrogen, adsorption of ammonia nitrogen increase over one time. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to fit and the experimental results show that the modified diatomite adsorption onto ammonia nitrogen accords with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacities are 5.81083mg/g.

Abstract: [Objective] to study the modeling technique of Vitamin C dripping pill and its quality evaluation. [Method] the preparation conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments using encapsulation efficiency (EE) as the target index. The matrix type (PEG 4000:PEG 6000), ratio of drug to matrix, dripping temperature and dripping distance with three levels were chosen in the orthogonal experiments. Weight variation, dispersion limit, content and stability of the dripping pill under the optimum conditions were estimated. [Results] The optimum conditions were obtained when matrix type (PEG 4000: PEG 6000), ratio of drug to matrix, dripping temperature and dripping distance were 6:1, 1:7, 80 °C and 20 cm respectively. The weight variation and dispersion limit of the dripping pill ranged in -13.47-13.38% and 4.5-5.0min. An assay method was developed by UV spectrophotometry. Its quality was stable during the three months of accelerated test. [Conclusion] the weight variation and dispersion limit of the dripping pill with good morphology and high stability came up to the requirements of Ch. P, the assay method was simple and accurate, demonstrating that the dripping pill can be used as edible or pharmaceutical dosage form.

Abstract: Pore size gradient hydroxyapatite scaffolds with interconnected pores were fabricated using a novel template with graded polymer beads and slip casting. The microstructure, phase, porosity, and compression strength of the fabricated pore size gradient HA scaffolds were characterized. The scaffolds were also examined for their cell compatibility in vitro using human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. By using a polymer template with graded sizes, the scaffolds showed gradually increasing pore size of approximately 177-578 μm and interconnection size ranges from 71.5-290.7 μm along the cylindrical axis. The porosity of selected sections of the pore size gradient HA scaffolds ranged from 62.4-71.2%, while the compressive strength decreased from 8.1-3.72 MPa as the pore size and NaCl content increased. HOS cells showed best growth in sections of the scaffold with pore sizes of 480-578 μm.

Abstract: The sensory properties, oil yields, acidity values (AV) and peroxide values (PV) of Elopichthys bambusa viscera oil extracted by 5 methods were analyzed. Results indicated that E. bambusa oils extracted by solvent extraction (SE), enzymatic extraction (EE) and fried extraction (FE) had the best sensory properties. The highest E. bambusa oil yield reached 53.67% by EE, the lowest AV and PV was 5.91mg/g oil and 24.41meq/kg respectively through potassium hydrolysis extraction (PE), while the poorest quality oil was obtained by the boiling hot water extraction (HE), from which the AV and PV values were up to 15.58mg/g oil and 103.78meq/kg, respectively. Overall, EE was the most suitable method for E. bambusa viscera oil extraction.

Abstract: In order to study the biodegradability of protein fibers and their products, wool and silk fabrics were selected as the samples, and they were buried in the activated sludge of the riverside. Moreover, changes in the surface morphological structure and internal microstructure after degradation were observed and tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results indicated that the degradation rate of wool fiber was higher than that of mulberry silk fiber in the activated sludge. In addition, with the increase of degradation time, there were traces gradually gnawed by microorganisms and some millipores and cracks appeared. Buried in the activated sludge for 40 days, both wool fiber and mulberry silk fiber formed new diffraction peaks near the place of 2θ=26°, meanwhile, the molecular structure of the fibers changed and the crystallinity decreased accordingly.

Abstract: A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts titanium (IV), based on the catalytic effect of Ti (IV) on the oxidation pyronin B with hydrogen peroxide in 0.02 mol/L sulfuric acid, is described. The reaction rate is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of pyronin B at 555 nm. The detection limit of the method is 0.017 μg/L, and the linear range is 0.055–1.0 µg/L. The influences of reaction medium and acidity, concentrations of reactants, reactive temperature and foreign ions is also discussed. The optimum reaction conditions were established. The relative standard deviation for 11 replicate measurements of 0.010 and 0.020 μg/25mL of titanium (IV) were 2.8 % and 2.3 %, respectively. In combination with solvent extraction separation, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace titanium (IV) in rock samples. The results are in good agreement with the certified volumes with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.6 %–3.6 %.

Abstract: An anionic surfactant clean fracturing fluid was synthesized and its main performance was studied. The viscosity of fracturing fluid increased with increasing dosage of anionic surfactant. And the viscosity of fracturing fluid increased first, and then decreased with increasing concentration of KCl. The viscosity reached maximum 360 mPa•s when the KCl content is 2.7%. The results showed that the fracturing fluid had best temperature resistance and shear resistance performance under the condition of 100°C and at the shearing rate of 170 s-1. The sedimentation velocity of sand in the fracturing fluid are about 11.124, 18.840 mm/min at the temperature of 80°C and 120°C respectively. It indicated that the fracturing fluid has a better sand-carrying performance. The viscosity of fracturing fluid decreased below 5 mPa•s during 70 minutes when the dosage of kerosene was 3%, and the surface tension of the breaker fluid is 26.10 mN/m while the interfacial tension is 0.73mN/m. The low surface tension can meet the requirements of operation. The damage rate to the core is 7.65% and the fracturing fluid has lower damage to core than guar gel.

Abstract: Short sulfate process was developed to produce TiO₂ white by using unconcentrated industrial TiOSO₄ solution as raw material. Herein, anatase titania white pigment was prepared by self-generated seeded thermal hydrolysis route. The effects of hydrolysis parameters (such as pre-adding water volume ratio, F value and aging time) on the structure and pigment properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, particle size distribution, SEM and pigment properties test. These factors influenced the number and quality of the hydrolysis nuclei, hydrolysis velocity, crystal growth rate and the particles aggregation, eventually determined its structure and pigment properties. The optimized pre-adding water volume ratio was of 0.18:1, the F value was of 1.95 and the aging time after turning-grey-color point was of 20~30 min, and the prepared TiO₂ was with anatase phase, narrow particle size distribution and excellent pigment properties.

Abstract: MFR high temperature profile control agent consisted of 6.5% wood Fortunately sulfonic acid calcium (Ca-LS) and 6.5% crosslinker modified furfural resin (MFR),and the gel solution formed a stable performance gel in the 150~300°C.The higher the temperature, the shorter the gelation time; and the longer the heating time, the higher the gel strength. The gel is very stable at 300°C, and is well in acid and salt resistance. The core experiments showed that the blocking agent's blockage ratio is more than 99% ; the units of the breakthrough pressure was greater than 100 kPa / cm,which the gel solution is a good performance of high-temperature profile control agent.