Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: It is mentioned the connotation and characteristics of the green marketing performance. We set up a green marketing performance assessment system, regarding the carbon management as the core. It contains criterion layer, base layer and more than 25 assessment indexes. At last, we give an example to show how to use the system to analyze and assess the green marketing activities.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to isolate pure cultures that are capable of degrading paraquat (PQ) anaerobically with humic substances (humus) as the sole electron acceptor. Three facultative anaerobic bacteria (PQ-1, PQ-2, and PQ-3) were successively isolated from vegetable soil in Sanya city, China, via enrichment procedure with PQ and anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQDS) under anaerobic conditions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate isolates PQ anaerobic degradation activity. Results showed that three strains were all capable of degrading PQ directly with AQDS as the sole electron acceptor (18.6% removal within 48h), and the microbial process might be AQDS dependent. The addition of low molecular weight organic substrate, such as sucrose, could enhance the anaerobic degradation of PQ from 18.6% to 34.2%, and the degradation rate reached 100% after 5-day incubation. This study was the first paper reporting that pure cultures have the ability to anaerobically degrade PQ with AQDS as the sole electron acceptor.

Abstract: This paper investigated the analytical method of degradation and persistence of carbofuran, its metabolite 3-hydroxy carbofuran in peanut seeds, fronds and soils in field trial using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Carbofuran 3GR formulation (3g a.i./100g) was applied at dosages of 2250 and 3375g ha^-1 in furrow at sowing peanut seeds in the fields of Langfang, Hebei province and Jinan, Shandong province, China, respectively. The soil and the plant samples were collected at different intervals and the residues of carbofuran and 3-hydroxy carbofuran were analyzed by GC-MS. The degradation kinetic result showed that the degradation of carbofuran in peanut fronds in Jinan and Langfang can be well predicted with equation: C=1.2839e^-0.1733t and C=0.5731e^-0.1567t, with a half-life about 4.0 and 4.4 days respectively. For the degradation of carbofuran in soils, the result coincides well with equations: C= 4.2057e^-0.2229t, and C= 5.4014e^-0.1499t, with half-life of 3.1 and 4.6 days for Jinan and Langfang, respectively. The pH, organic matter and clay content as well as the climatic temperature play an important role in the degradation of carbofuran in soils. 3-hydroxy carbofuran dissipated rapidly both in peanut fronds and soils, it was not detectable 7 days after treatment for all treatment, the concentration of carbofuran and 3-hydroxy carbofuran in peanut seeds at harvest time were lower than either the maximum residue limit in China or the EUs maximum residue limit of 0.1 mg kg¹. Based on the data from this investigation, the use of carbofuran in peanut could be considered to be safe.

Abstract: Through the discussion of the domestication to the livestock and poultry, the author finds out that it is necessary for daily life of people to use the animal life energy and plant life energy. The using of life energy is a big motivation to the human civilization. Through the discussion of the new situation that low-carbon is facing with, the author advocates that it is crucial to research the low-carbon plant life energy, such as measuring the germinative power of seedling, the power that makes the diameter of trees change, and the power generated by the changes in temperature and humidity of woods, which can play a role in promoting the use of life energy.

Abstract: The pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of eight functional strains on growth promotion of tomato and resistance to tomato bacterial wilt. The results indicated that the two strains both Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium could significantly increase the plant height of tomato; the two strains of Paenibacillus azotoformans and Bacillus laterosporus could significantly improve the stem diameter of tomato; the three strains of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus laterosporus and Paenibacillus azotoformans could significantly increase the average leaf area and chlorophyll contents of Tomato; the four strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Streptomyces microflavus could obviously inhibit occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. All above results indicated that Paenibacillus polymyxa could not only significantly increase the height, the average leaf area and chlorophyll content of tomato plant, but also could obviously reduce the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt. So this strain can be used as one of core strains to construct multifunctional composite inoculants.

Abstract: Beijing honored its promise of a Green Olympics. Determining how the vegetation cover and carbon sink changed before and after Beijing Olympics is the main objective. The land cover data and net primary production (NPP) data from 2001 to 2010 from MODIS product were used. Through the method of average carbon sink efficiency, we get the following result. From 2001 to 2007, the carbon sink is gradually reducing. In 2008, it suddenly rises then keeps stable. The average forest carbon sink of Beijing between 2001 and 2010 is 136 kt, while average forest carbon sink between 2008 and 2010 is 159 kt. The average overall carbon sink of Beijing between 2001 and 2010 is 260 kt, and 277 kt between 2008 and 2010. The reducing carbon sink from 2001 to 2007 has a linear relationship with the reducing vegetation coverage. In 2008, the sudden rise of carbon sink on one hand has something to do with the increased vegetation coverage and transformation of forest from young to grown-up. But mostly it may be a result of the macro-control by the government as importing big trees into the city. MODIS product somewhat captures this change feature which matches reality that demonstrates its practical value.

Abstract: Climate change caused by increasing carbon emission is harmful to global environment and human society. Developing low-carbon economy through reasonable industries planning and effective utilization of resources is a significant path to achieve the aim of energy saving and carbon emission reduction. The word carbon footprint means carbon emission caused by a certain industry, activity, product or individual, and the issue of carbon emission should be linked with economic activity to analyze, while input-output model is a reliable method to contact two factors. Based on input-output model, this paper calculated direct or indirect carbon emission which is demanded for the products of final consumption in Beijing, and analyzed carbon footprint of each industrial sector in 2005, 2007 and 2010 by operating Leontief matrix. The result demonstrates annual carbon emission of Beijing increased from 10482.68×10⁴ ton to 17407.28×10⁴ ton during 2000-2011. Manufacturing industry, excavating industry, transportation and postal industry exert supreme impact on carbon emission in Beijing. Carbon footprint of transportation and postal industry and other tertiary industries such as information, business, service, education, science researching industries in 2010 had an obvious rise compare with the data of 2005 and 2007.

Abstract: This paper analyzed the stationary, multiple regression relationship and Granger relationship between the urbanization process including urban population, GDP, investment in fixed assets, area of completed residential building land and mileage of public transit vehicles, and its effects on carbon emissions in Beijing from 1980 to 2011. Based on the circumstances of economic growth and carbon emissions in 2011, the results show that carbon emissions will increase by 138.577 thousand tons for each additional 100 thousand urban population, 8.719 thousand tons for each additional 1 billion Yuan investment in fixed assets, and 9.693 thousand tons for each additional 100 thousand square meters completed residential building land. GDP in constant-price of 1978 increases by every 1 billion Yuan, carbon emissions will reduce 137.203 thousand tons. Mileage of public transit vehicles does not have linear regression relationship with carbon emissions. Urban population and area of completed residential building land are the granger cause of carbon emissions. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the relevant policy recommendations to reduce carbon emissions.

Abstract: The development of regional economic concept could reduce the use of resources and the destruction of environment which would increase the efficiency of resources use, environmental protection and improvement on the basis of the natural ecological routines. Recycling economic concept which is used to service for regional economic constriction is an operational method which can realize the regional sustainable development.The author first analyzed the characteristics, definition, content and principle of recycling economic concept, and then mainly study on the construction of low-carbon town from Five-Elementsand Five-Measuresaspects based on the recycling economic concept.

Abstract: In the 21st century, with the increasingly serious global climate problems, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieve the global transition to a low-carbon economy, has gradually become the consensus of all countries in the world. And our country as the largest developing country and also is highly depend on fossil fuels, how to give attention to both promote the economic development, to meet people's growing material and cultural needs and protect the environment comprehensive energy conservation and emissions reduction between the internal conflict, is the problem which our country must seriously face and solve. This article will introduce the carbon trading and carbon tax and combined with the current China's national condition analysis the path choice of implementation of carbon emission reduction work in China.