Advanced Materials Research Vols. 989-994

Abstract: The paper considers some ecological problems of the gold-mining enterprise in Amurskaya Oblast’. The investigations have revealed the technogenic pollution of the soil-grounds, air basin, and vegetation under the action of the processing wastes. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soils and vegetation in the zone of influence of the plant processing heavy concentrates at a distance of 100 and more meters. They are 2 to 90 times higher than the background values practically in all directions from the technogenic object. High TM concentrations were found also in the soils of building zone. Using the innovation approach we have elaborated the measures for decreasing the pollution negative effect on the habitat. We propose a new way of reclamation of the lands disturbed by the wastes of the mineral raw material processing with the use of the mixed bark-compost of the forest industry wastes.

Abstract: In the process of stone cutting and polishing, a large amount of high turbidity water is produced, which causes the waste of water resources and the pollution of the environment. The traditional treatment process is optimized, taking problems occurred in sewage treatment process by small and medium-sized enterprises and the existing technology and method into consideration. According to the production process of stone, the amount of waste water generated every day is calculated, which provides a theoretical basis for the sedimentation tank optimization and design. The necessity of stone wastewater reuse is illustrated.

Abstract: The trial of the earthworm-assisted phytoremediation of Cr in contaminated yellow soil was made to study the performance of earthworm in Cr accumulation of Vetiver Grass (vetiveria Zizanioides VG). Two groups were designed, adding earth worm (marked EM) and not adding earth worm (marked NEW).The result showed Vetiveria Zizanioides can absorb great amounts of chromium in soil, the decline rate of Cr was up to 75% and 78% respectively in EM and NEM at 60th day. Both root and shoot can accumulate Cr from soil. As the concentration of Cr gradually increased within 0-80mg/kg,the accumulation activity of two groups presented first increase and then decrease and reached maximum 644.31mg/kg, 943.14 mg/kg in root when the Cr concentration was 80 mg/kg. It began to decrease when the Cr concentration was above 120mg/kg.Vetiveria Zizanioides's accumulation ability differs in root and shoot. It presented root>shoot. With a comparative analysis, EM has higher accumulation and resistance of Cr at any designed treatments. In the analysis of relation between plants and soils, it was found that there was significant correlation in Cr contents between plants and soils (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was extremely significant correlation (P<0.01) between root and shoot in EM. There was a high retention rate of Vetiveria Zizanioides root to Cr. Retention rate of any treatments were all greater than 83% except 120mg/kg in EM. Plants kept much higher concentrations of Cr in roots than in their respective shoots. The biggest value was up to 96.23%. There was no obvious difference between EM and NEM in retention rate. Earthworm-assisted phytoremediation has high efficiency in Cr contaminated soil. It’s an idea method to Cr contaminated soil.

Abstract: In order to investigate the ability of Cyperus alternifolius in restoring water with combined heavy metal pollution, water cultured experiment was utilized to study the accumulation and the tolerance mechanism of Cr (VI) and Ni in Cyperus alternifolius under the combined Cr (VI) and Ni exposure. The results showed that under Cr (VI) and Ni combined exposure, low concentration Ni improved the enrichment and translocation ability of Cyperus alternifolius for chromium, while high concentration Ni had opposite effects. The enrichment ability of Cyperus alternifolius for chromium was stronger than for Ni. With the increasing of Cr (VI) and Ni concentrations, fresh weight increment and chlorophyll content showed upward trend firstly and then downward, MDA content showed a rising trend and increased significantly. When Ni concentration was between 0~1mg·L^-1, SOD and CAT activities of Cyperus alternifolius increased first and then decreased with increasing Cr (VI) concentration, and root activity increased continuously. When Ni concentration was between 10~20 mg·L^-1, Cr (VI) and Ni interaction decreased SOD,CAT and root activity significantly. These results show that Cyperus alternifolius had tolerance and enrichment ability to Cr (VI) and Ni, and Cyperus alternifolius can be used to restore Cr (VI) polluted water and Cr (VI)-Ni combined polluted water under low Ni concentrations.

Abstract: In view of the environmental problems, the paper start with talking about the externality theory and polluter pays principle, and then introduce two kinds of environmental management policy, which are emission standard and Pigouvian Tax. By comparing them in the perspective of economic efficiency, we can learn that: Only the coordination of administrative means and economic measures, we can better solve the environmental problems.

Abstract: This paper discusses the connotation of urban low-carbon transport in detail, on the basis of the analysis of low-carbon transport. Combined with the relationship among urban low-carbon transport system elements, the article establishes the system dynamics model. Finally, it simulates the development trends of low-carbon transport in Beijing in the future, and compares the simulation results of different traffic schemes. Moreover, the study puts forward the concrete policy simulations to improve urban low-carbon transport.

Abstract: Pollution treatment investment is an important part of environment protection in terms of energy saving and emission reduction. A dynamic spatial panel model is constructed in this paper, identifying the spatial effect in pollution treatment investment of regions and discussing the mutual influences among different regions. The result shows a mutual positive influence and behavioral convergence regarding to the pollution treatment investment behavior among regions.

Abstract: Three consecutive severe traffic monitoring points collected in different atmospheric particulate pollution concentrations data during February 2014 in Beijing. The results show that the hourly mean concentration of PM_2.5 often exceeded 200 ug/m³, with a maximum concentration of 300 ug/m³on Feb.22,2014. The hourly mean concentration of PM₁₀ either exceeded 258 ug/m³.The concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was significantly increased during haze events, especially PM_2.5 concentrations increased gradually and a slight decline in the middle, then rise.

Abstract: Based on the biological purification technology combined with the engineering measures, the enhanced nitrogen purification biological experiment is implemented in Wenyu River in Beijing. The water in the river mainly is the outflow from the sewage treatment plant, in which the ammonium (NH4-N) has been effectively removed for the deeply nitrification, while treatment of the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) is incomplete due to the denitrification. The water has low C/N value and has poor biodegradability. In this study, aiming at the water feature of low C/N and poor biodegradability, the effective way to strengthen denitrification by some enhanced techniques, such as increasing the microorganisms number and biodegradability (ie, improved nitrogen ratio), changing denitrification rates and so on, has been studied. The experimental results show that under the condition of water flow (Q) as 15 ~ 27L/hr, hydraulic detention time as (HRT) 10 ~ 18h, concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as 12.20 ~ 31.44mg / L, and total nitrogen (TN) as 14.50 ~ 34.71 mg / L, the removal rates of NO3-N and TN are over 30%.

Abstract: The paper has established a combinatorial prediction model of chaotic time series based on history data and coupling data. Through the study of the flow characteristic about natural circulation under rolling motion, the single variable reconstruction and coupling multivariate reconstruction are discussed for chaotic time series based on phase space reconstruction technique, and the combinatorial prediction model has been built which bases on developing trend of history data and coupling relationship of correlative data. The paper also studied an example of coolant volume flow prediction with a relative precision of 0.9804 with the established model. The result indicated that the model with high precision and robustness could apply for natural circulation coolant volume flow prediction under rolling motion.