Advanced Materials Research Vols. 998-999

Abstract: Through hydraulic engineering, the water division, which is taken by human beings, can often cause the lack of ecological basic flow in a watercourse, It becomes an important issue to guarantee the ecological basic flow. In fact, even if there was no interference from human, the river flow would also change constantly and would form certain ecological functions. Taking Baoji Section of Wei river as an instance, this paper, based on the analysis of its flow process with fine status, draws a conclusion that ecological function of the river is concerned with factors of both the flow capacity and the duration time of the flow. Various computational methods for ecological basic flow have been presented previously just with minimum discharge, however, time quantum is ignored. This article proposed that ecological basic flow should lie with water quantity and the duration time, also Tennant and minimum daily mean discharge method are adopted to calculate ecological basic flow. A new formula of Ecological basic flow was derived. Ecological basic flow and duration time in different frequency year in Baoji Section of Wei river are given.

Abstract: There are controversies on the Proterozoic stratigraphic genesis, division, correlation and palaeogeographical evolution of western Henan in China. Based on the basic description of sedimentary facies, Yunmengshan and Baicaoping formation of Proterozoic typical section in western Henan is divided into 4 third-order sequences. Sequence stratigraphy framework which reflects sedimentary and overlap is established with basis of two kinds of facies-change surface and two kinds of diachrononism in stratigraphical records. Although chronostratigraphic belonging of Precambrian strata is controversial and Precambrian sequential stratigraphic study is tremendously challenging, the establishment of sequence stratigraphy framework of proterozoic Yunmengshan and Baicaoping formation in western Henan provides actual data to reshape palaeogeographic pattern of Palaeoproterozoic North China craton. What is more, it becomes a typical example of characteristics and exploration of stratigraphic accumulation under the background of tidal action.

Abstract: The ultimate natural gas resources of Sichuan Basin were predicted by the application of hydrocarbon reservoir scale sequence method. The results revealed that a total of 236 gas reservoirs exist in Sichuan Basin, with total expected natural gas resources of 57718×10⁸m³.110 gas reservoirs are undiscovered, with geological reserves of 4.04×10¹²m³, accounting for70.0% of the total natural gas resources, among which, 17 undiscovered gas reservoirs have resources of more than 1000×10⁸m³, 13 undiscovered natural gas reservoirs have resources of 500-1000×10⁸m³ and 15 undiscovered gas reservoirs have resources of 100-500×10⁸m³. The undiscovered natural gas resources mainly lie in the following key exploration fields: Permian-Triassic reef flat reservoir of Huankaijiang-Liangping continental shelf and deep to ultra-deep layers of continental Xujiahe Formation in West Sichuan, medium to shallow layers of Northeast Sichuan and Central Sichuan focused on Xujiahe Formation, piedmont zone of Longmen Mountain and Micang-Daba Mountain, oolitic flat of Jialingjiang Formation of East Sichuan, South Sichuan and North Sichuan as well as five large sets of unconformity surfaces, namely top surface of Sinian Dengying Formation, top surface of Middle-Upper Ordovician, top surface of Middle Carboniferous, top surface of Permian Yangxin Series and top surface of Leikoupo Formation.

Abstract: To understand the influence of vertical dynamics of soil enzyme activities on the active carbon pool in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland, the vertical distribution in 0-30cm depth of soil cellulase and amylase activities and active organic carbon fractions (microbial biomass carbon /MBC, easily oxidizable carbon/EOC) were measured and the relationship between soil enzyme activities and active organic carbon were analyzed. The results show that the enzyme activities and EOC and MBC contents in topsoil are the greatest. The soil cellulase and amylase activities and EOC and MBC contents show descending trends from surface layer to 30cm. The soil enzyme activities are significantly positive related to EOC and MBC contents. Therefore, with the increase of soil depth, the activities of cellulase and amylase obviously affect the soil active carbon pool. Furthermore, the cellulase activity of marsh soil has the strongest influence on soil active carbon pool.

Abstract: The driving sources of the marine environment underwater electromagnetic field are complicated, the environmental parameters working on field source amplitude are numerous. The paper filters out the main respective factor through comparative analysis, on the basis of which composes theoretical analysis software of electromagnetic field underwater and the main environmental factors. The result shows that it is easy to get the variations of field source amplitude and main environmental parameters by setting the main environmental parameter values and field source forms.

Abstract: Relevant bodies of the United Nations in Vienna on March 22, World Water Day, said that if people did not change their way to consume, in this case, 2.5 billion people would face water shortage by 2025 which is of no doubt, and about 5 billion people would live in an area that water has difficulty in self-sufficiency. In this paper, China is selected to be an example. As for models, there are 2 models given in this paper, large-scale system and linear programming. Based on large-scale system model, water resources are divided in the largest 10 drainage basins of China as 10 units which comprise the first level. Then, the use of water is adopted for 4 kinds defined as 4 units which make up the second level. We use polynomial fitting algorithm to estimate 4 kinds of average water consumption in 2015, 2020 and 2025.Then we use linear programming skill to calculate the best 4 kinds of water consumption distribution of 10 drainage basins in 2015, 2020 and 2025 respectively. Comparison and analysis between the best distribution and the estimated average value made in the first step, enables the construction of a preliminary water strategy from 2013 to 2025, which illustrates storage, movement, de-salinization and conservation of water specifically in this paper. According to Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a brief evaluation of models is presented from three angles. At last, in a word, the result is given roughly that the government should increase the distribution of industry water resources appropriately and decreases or keep the same level with the rest of water resources allocation.

Abstract: Ten strains photosynthetic microorganisms were got from samples of water, soil and activated sludge by a simple screening method. All strains were identified as microalgae according to the traditional classification method. Using self-designed capture equipment, we determined the ability to absorb CO₂ of these strains. The results showed that the strain NO.5 had the best absorption ability with the speed of 0.481 g / (L• d) and its capture rate was 9.1%. Absorption speeds of the other strains were all over 0.35 g / (L• d).

Abstract: At present, the global warming has drew people`s attention to the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, the essence of which is worrying about the more and more carbon emissions. PP-R pipe has been widely used in production and livelihood, so evaluating the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe is very necessary. This paper evaluated the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe from the production of raw materials to waste disposal, based on the life cycle assessment. The result of the study is that, in the life cycle of PP-R pipe 74.02% of the total carbon emissions come from the production of raw materials. But if using reclaimed materials to replace the total carbon emissions would reduce 52.90%. So an innovative technology of PP-R raw materials producing and using more reclaimed materials are the keys to cut down the carbon emissions of PP-R pipe.

Abstract: Medication Errors, means the errors which occur during the whole process from prescribing by doctors, filling prescriptions by dispensers, and medicating by nursing staff or taking medicine by patients. It includes negligence and judgments errors in the whole process. The main reasons are lack of communications in medical groups, unclearly handing over between shifts, blurred orders, and different recognition to abbreviation...etc. Even so, concerning injections and IV are still with oral orders which leads nursing staff using the wrong medicine, dosage and dilution concentrations...etc. easily. Therefore, this study is going to build the database of injection orders and structure IV orders to avoid not able to screen unstructured written orders leading into negligence of nursing staff due to insufficient communications or blurred orders, reduce medication negligence, promote the qualities of medical care. Furthermore, it is able to keep missed accounts off , save time on overlapped manual input, forward efficiency .

Abstract: The optimal scheduling of crude-oil operation in refineries has been studied by various groups during the past decade leading to different mixed integer linear programming or mixed nonlinear programming formulations. This paper presents a new formulation with oil residency time constraint based on single-operation sequencing (SOS). It is different from previous formulations as it considers oil residency time constraint and pipeline transfer and does not require to postulate the number of priority-slots in which operations take place. This model is also based on the representation of a crude-oil scheduling by a single sequence of transfer operations. A simple MILP procedure has been used to solve this model leading to an satisfactory optimal result.