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Competition between Formation and Decomposition of Solid Solution during High Pressure Torsion: A Review
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Competition between Formation and Decomposition of Solid Solution during High Pressure Torsion: A Review

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Abstract:

During high-pressure torsion (HPT), the sample positioned between the plungers of the experimental setup is resistant to fracturing, allowing the HPT process to be sustained almost indefinitely. Despite this, relaxation processes taking place within the sample during HPT lead swiftly to the establishment of a steady state. Factors such as hardness, grain size, the scale of second-phase precipitates, electrical conductivity, lattice spacing, among others, rapidly reach a saturation point, albeit after varying revolutions of the plunger. For instance, in the scenario of HPT involving a binary solid solution accompanied by secondary phase particles that act as sources of dissolved atoms, a dynamic equilibrium and competition emerge between the formation and decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution. Consequently, a specific equilibrium state is achieved with a designated concentration (css) of the second component within the solid solution. This equilibrium state is independent of the initial one (referred to as equifinality). The steady-state concentration css can be identified on the solubility limit line (solvus) of the second component in the phase diagram at an effective temperature Teff. In copper alloys, the value of Teff grows as the activation enthalpy for the volume diffusion of the second component increases. This amplification signifies a rise in defect concentration and an activation-driven character of mass transfer during HPT.

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Periodical:

Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 445)

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15-25

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-IHcev2

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Online since:

December 2025

Authors:

Boris Straumal*, Askar Kilmametov, Alexander Straumal, Brigitte Baretzky

Keywords:

Competition, Decomposition, Effective Temperature, High Pressure Torsion, Mass Transfer, Solid Solution, Steady State

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