Preliminary Biocompatibility Studies of Nano-Zinc Bioceramic Orbital Implant for Anophthalmic Socket Application

Abstract:

The increasing demand for effective ocular prosthetics has led to the exploration of innovative materials for orbital implants. The study focuses on the preliminary biocompatibility assessment of nanozinc bioceramic orbital implant intended for anophthalmic socket applications. These implants aim to address common complications such as infection and inflammation in patients requiring ocular prostheses. Bioceramic orbital implants were fabricated using conventional techniques using biphasic calcium phosphates and kaolin clay as raw materials. The bioceramic material, engineered for its antibacterial properties, is evaluated for its cytotoxic response. In vitro tests are conducted to determine the cellular response and antibacterial efficacy of the implants. Effect of different loadings of nanozinc oxide onto the bioceramic orbital implant were investigated. Disc diffusion method using test organisms Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) has revealed the resistance of the bioceramic orbital implant against bacterial attack. Moreover, MTT cytotoxicity test has shown fibroblast cell viability indicating good biocompatibility. Ultimately, the bioceramic orbital implant has presented no adverse effects upon exposure to Albino rabbits using dermal and eye irritation tests. The findings from this preliminary research will provide crucial insights into the feasibility and safety of using antibacterial bioceramic materials for orbital implants, potentially improving clinical outcomes for patients with anophthalmic sockets.

• Periodical: Nano Hybrids and Composites (Volume 50)
• Pages: 101-106
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o9DMWf
• Online since: February 2026
• Authors: Jocelyn P. Reyes*, Sharyjel R. Cayabyab-Gelilang, Johanna Marie B. Sudayon, Lumen C. Milo, Jenny Lyn Laga, Michiko A. Ong, Marianito T. Margarito
• Keywords: Antibacterial, Bioceramic Orbital, Cytotoxicity, Nanozinc Oxide

References

[1] H. Zhao, Y. Chen, Y. Zheng, J. Xu, C. Zhang, M. Fu and K. Xiong, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1-12 (2023).

[2] K.J. Wang, S.S. Li and H.Y. Wang, Medicine (Baltimore) 99(29), 1-5 (2020).

[3] P.A. Penitente, E.V.F. Da Silva, M.C. Goiato, L.L.P. Manicoba, V.G.B. Brito, K.H.L. Turcio, A.S. Rodrigues, B.E. Nagay and D.M. Dos Santos, Antibiot. (Basel) 11 (1486), 1-16 (2022).

[4] E.V.F. Da Silva, M.C. Goiato, L.L.P. Manicoba, L.D.R. Bonatto, R.A. de Medeiros, D.M. Dos Santos, E.C. Rangel and E.H.P de Oliveira, Toxicol In Vitro 36, 180-185 (2016).

[5] K. Pine, B. Sloan, J. Stewart and R.J. Jacobs, Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 39 (1), 47-52 (2011).

[6] J.R. You, J.H. Seo, Y.H. Kim and W.C. Choi, Jpn. J. of Ophthalmol. 47 (5), 512-518 (2003).

[7] A.L. Miguel, M. Teson, V.M. Montañez, A.E. de Salamanca, M.E. Stern, M. Calonge, M.J.G. Garcia, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 157 (4), 788-798 (2014).

[8] X.Y. Chen, X. Yang and X.L. Fan, Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9 (2022).

[9] V. Patel, D. Allen, A.M.S. Morley and R. Malhorta, Orbit 28 (6), 339-341 (2009).

[10] F. Baino and C.V. Brovarone, Acta Biomater 10 (8), 3372-3397 (2014).

[11] J.P. Reyes, J.R. Celorico, L.C. dela Cuesta, J.M. Filo, L.G. Daan, S.T. Bernardo and J. Abano, Philipp. J. Sci. 129 (2), 93-99 (2000).

[12] J.A. Tumbocon, J.P. Reyes, J.R. Celorico, et al., Philip. Technol. J. 24 (2), 27-52 (1999).

[13] M.S. Ramirez and M.E. Tolmasky, Molecules 22 (11), 2267 (2017).

[14] M. Fujii, T. Karumai, R. Yamamoto, E. Kobayashi, K. Ogawa, M. Tounai, J. Lipman, Y. Hayashi, Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 16 (5), 415-430 (2020).

DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1750597

[15] M.G. Papich, Oxacillin Sodium, in: M.G. Papich (Ed.), Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs Small and Large Animal, fourth ed., Elsevier, Missouri, 2016, pp.585-586.

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-24485-5.00425-3

[16] Information on https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/php/laboratories/index.html

[17] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30 ed., CLSI, Pennsylvania, 2020.

[18] E. Hoseinzadeh, M.Y. Alikhani, M.R. Samarghandi, M.S. Siboni, Desalin. Water Treat. 52 (25-27), 4969-4976 (2014).

DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.810356

[19] S. Riahi, N.B. Moussa, M. Lajnef, N. Jebari, A. Dabek, R. Chtourou, G. Guisbiers, S. Vimont, E. Herth, J. Mol. Liq. 387 (2023).

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4328040

[20] C.R. Mendes, G. Dilarri, C.F. Forsan, V.D.M.R. Sapata, P.R.M. Lopes, P.B. de Moraes, R.N. Montagnolli, H. Ferreira, E.D. Bidoia, Nature Portfolio 12, 2658 (2022).

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1054432/v1

[21] N. Babayevska, L. Przysiecka, I. Iatsunskyi, G. Nowaczyk, M. Jarek, E. Janiszewska and S. Jurga, Scientific Reports 12 (2022).

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12134-3

[22] A. Kozelskaya, K.N. Verzunova, I.O. Akimchenko, J. Frueh, V.I. Petrov, G.B. Slepchenko, O.V. Bakina, M.I. Lerner, L.K. Brizhan, D.V. Davydov, A.A. Kerimov, E.G. Cherempey, S.E. Krylov, S. Rutkowski and S.I. Tverdokhlebov, Biomimetics (Basel) 8(5), (2021).

DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050444

[23] A.A. Tayel, W.F. El Tras, S. Moussa, A.F. El-baz, H. Mahrous, M.F. Salem, L. Brimer, Journ. of Food Safety 31 (2), 211-218 (2011).

DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00287.x

[24] B.R. da Silva, M.P. Abucafy, E.B. Manaia, J.A.O. Junior, B.G.C. Andreo, R.C.L.R. Prieto, L.A. Chiavacci, Int J Nanomedicine 14, 9395-9410 (2019).

[25] S. Weiskirchen, A.M. Monteiro, R. Borojevic, R. Weiskirchen, Cells 13 (22), 1861 (2024).

[26] M. Mapara, B.S. Thomas, and K.M. Bhat, Dent. Res. J. 9(1), 111-118 (2012).