Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 361-363

Abstract: To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from buildings, we selected housing shape as research object. By deforming a simplified detached house model, we achieved optimal shape of WDH reducingLCCO2 by Genetic Algorithms (GA).

Abstract: Indoor fresh air distribution, temperature stratification and temperature distribution are consider to be the essential indicators when comes to evaluation of the comfort level for internal ventilation environment, particularly for natural ventilated space as target office building. It can be identified that the targeting building has been well designed in the respect of natural ventilation strategies where both cross and stack strategies have been adopted, but it is also obvious that under combined buoyancy and wind driven mode alternative problems appears.

Abstract: The float glass melting tank is huge and complex equipment which the operation parameters are difficult to control in production line. The install of desulfurizer makes the kiln more complex and unstable. In present work, we fulfill the field experiments and obtained the optimal practical operation parameters. The obtained parameters were: aperture of wings gate: 75-85%; aperture of draft fan: 30-35% for draft fan 1, and draft fan 2 were through-type; aperture of conveying fan: 70-85%; temperature of gas into desulfurizer: 180-200°C; the water flow were controlled by thermocouple and diaphragm control valve; Velocity of gas into desulfurizer: 8-10 m/s. Our results provide the guidance for installing the desulfurizer and modifying the whole system in practice.

Abstract: This article compares the new ambient quality standards adopted by China on 29 February 2012 with the previous ambient air quality standards and reveals the significance of and reasons for this revision. It points out that the new ambient air quality standards added fine particulate matters into the items to be monitored, reclassified monitored items into the group of basic items to be mandatorily monitored nationwide and the group of other pollutants to be monitored discretionally, and set the maximum concentration for each of the two categories of areas. This revision was in response to the demand of the general public for less pollution and better information on the air quality. This revision is important for the human health because it imposes a new task on local governments. The new standard shall be implemented gradually, beginning with most seriously polluted areas, and finally to be implemented nation-wide. This revision is expected to contribute to better protection of human health.

Abstract: This paper introduces a mobile vehicle emission model---- the IVE (international vehicle emission) model and presents the survey method to the main data and the modified method to the base emission factors by taking the urban areas of Chongqing as a case. The main data are collected by using some professional instruments such as global positioning satellite (GPS) system, video cameras and vehicle occupancy characteristics enumerator (VOCE), etc. The base emission factors can be modified by the data from on-broad emission test. This paper establish vehicle emission inventory in the urban areas of Chongqing and will make a good preparation for traffic environmental treatment in Chongqing.

Abstract: The paper presents a method of researching the impact of urban development on air quality on the basis of artificial neural network (ANN). Statistical data in a monitoring period constitute a sample which contains monitoring values of environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators. Several samples are employed to train the ANN, and the mapping relationship between environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators is established through the trained ANN. The impact degree of each environmental impact factor on each air pollution indicator can be obtained by using the connection weights of the trained ANN. The case study illustrates the feasibility of the method mentioned in the paper which explores a new idea to the study of environmental impact of urban development.

Abstract: Biochar has caused great interest due to its sequestrating carbon and improving soil fertilities. It has been increasing attracted and applied to agriculture systems. However, many toxic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs),heavy metals) are likely to be formed during biochar production. These compounds may be existed in biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Therefore, the formation and impact factors as well as the concentrations and bioavailability of these compounds are reviewed.

Abstract: The environment restoring of the coal mining collapse area directly relates the region economy, the social stabilization, the ecological environment, also relates the sustainable development of mining area. And this is a serious problem for the mining area in China. In order to improve the environment of mining area, this paper analyzes the presence of collapse area in China. This paper analyzes the damages of coal mining collapse and the problems existing in the management and regulation of the collapse region. In addition to researching the way of soil management of coal mining subsidence area with Geographic Information System technology, he also exemplified the feasibility and necessity in soil management of the coal mining collapse area with Geographic Information System technology.

Abstract: The removal of No. 0 diesel oil from two kinds of soils artificially by natural rhamnolipid and synthetic sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) were performed in a batch of soil washing studies. Results showed that both surfactants could remove significant amount of diesel oil from the contaminated soil at different solution concentrations compared with water alone. The maximum removal was obtained at surfactant concentrations below or equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). At surfactant concentrations higher than the CMC, removal of diesel oil did not increase further. SDS remained more in solution than rhamnolipid, thus, it was expected to be more effective than rhamnolipid to remove diesel oil. However, the next washing experiment showed that rhamnolipid had more considerable ability in removing diesel oil.

Abstract: A kind of cattail (Typha orientalis Presl) were collected from a tailings of Pb mine and cultivated in a hydroponic solution containing different concentrations of Pb (NO₃)₂ in order to identify whether T.orientalis is potential for phytoremediation of Pb. The results showed that cattail collected from the Pb mine had a strong accumulation of Pb: the average Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots are 619 mg kg^-1 and 1233 mg kg^-1, respectively; the translocation factors were high ranging from 0.48 to 0.52; the growth of this cattail was not affected by Pb up to 300 mg L^-1. The Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots increased with the increase of Pb level in the nutrient solution and the maximum Pb concentrations in the leaves and roots were 16190 mg kg^-1 and 64405 mg kg^-1, respectively. This study suggests that T.orientalis could accumulation Pb with great efficiency and is potential for phytoremediation.