Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 670-671

Abstract: In order to apply the technique of polymer flooding to the offshore oilfield, some contraventions (the large well spacing, the high salinity formation water, the narrow production platform space, the limited load capacity, the slow dissolution of hydrophobically associating polymer, the voluminous existing polymer injection equipment) must be faced. In order to resolve the problems, a study on the efficient polymer dissolving technology for hydrophobically associating polymer flooding on offshore platform was conducted. The principle of polymer rapid dissolution was analyzed on its restrictive factors. By comprehensive utilization of multi-disciplinary angle of studying from polymer materials, fluid mechanics, et al, the efficient polymer dissolving technology was formed by means of compulsory stretching and water logging for polymer molecular chains, and break through the "bottlenecks" of polymer rapid dissolution. The designed dispersing & dissolving equipment cut down the polymer dissolution time from 60 min to 40 min. Meanwhile, the auto-unloading device, metering device, curing system, injection system, and automatic control system were optimized. Compared with the original equipment, the novel one’s occupied area and operating weight decreased by 21% and 37%, respectively. The efficient injection allocation technology was applied to the polymer flooding pilot testing in Bohai bay so as to provide key technology and equipment support for cumulative incremental oil 395×10⁴ m³ (up to June, 2014), incremental output value 12 billion yuan (estimated by the barrel oil price $90).

Abstract: Coalbed methane resource is rich in China, however the original fracture system is complex and the fracturing effect, the fracturing crack initiation and propagation law are different from conventional formations, so the conventional hydraulic fracturing experience is not applicable. This paper summarized previous experience, systematically discussed the main factors and influences of coalbed methane fracturing, analyzed the research progress of CBM for fracture propagation law and the main problems and put forward some recommendations on the development direction of theoretical research on coalbed methane fracturing, which are necessary for depth research of coalbed methane fracturing crack propagation law.

Abstract: According to the study on blast furnace refractory erosion caused by HCl gas, it was found that HCl gas can promote for the silicate glass phase and the recessive aluminum silicate to transform into mullite and christobalite in the alumina brick, so that it can increase the porosity in the alumina brick. Hcl gas reacts with non-carbon elements to form the chloride which causes the brick to be loose and porous in the carbon brick. Thus the brick loss is accelerated.

Abstract: The dyeing process of bamboo viscose fiber with two vegetable dyes of Gardenia yellow (GY) and sodium copper chlorophyll (SCC) was studied. The optimum dyeing conditions in the absence of mordants were as follows: neutral medium; 70 °C for GY, and 80 °C for SCC. The trials of different mordanting methods showed that post-mordanting gave the highest color depth. Thus the effects of mordant dosage, temperature, pH and time for post-mordanting on the color depth of the dyed fiber were further discussed. The satisfactory effects were achieved in the case of low mordant dosage, low temperature, and neutral medium for GY dye, whereas the opposite conditions should be applied for SCC dye.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to analysis on cell morphology of polymer blends foam in different nucleating agent and vibration field. The addition of the nucleating agent promote the nucleating and improve the density of foam. The vibration influences the nucleating agent distribution in the polymer matrix. At the same time, the vibration make the walls between cells thinned, the bubble merged.

Abstract: Oil well paraffin is one problem that often occurs in oil production; it will seriously affect or even suspend production. There are many kinds of paraffin prevention technologies, but limited to particular conditions or other factors, there are still shortcomings and insufficiency of all these technologies. In order to make this process environmental, efficient and energy saving, we propose the technique of variable frequency electromagnetic field paraffin. According to the principle of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, the reciprocal transformation of electromagnetic field and magnetic field intensity are determined by diameter of coil, current intensity, as well as the turn number of coils. The optimal parameter for paraffin prevention is defined by the selection of the current intensity and frequency of the conversion electromagnetic field in the laboratory so as to achieve optimum efficiency of paraffin prevention. Judging from the practice in three wells in site, this technology can extend flushing period, increase oil production, reduce power consumption and improve efficiency of oil well production, so the application of this technology has a very broad and bright prospect.

Abstract: Based on the research of the split-phase glaze in the CaO-SiO₂-P₂O₅ series ,this thesis analyzes and discusses the effects of glaze’s formula and firing condition on the making of iron-red fancy glaze, and then comes to an scientific way to make bright-coloured iron-red fancy glaze with homogeneously-distributed crystalline under a wide range of temperature.

Abstract: Theoretical studies predicted that doping graphene with nitrogen can tailor its electronic properties and chemical reactivity. We develop here a novel method for synthesis N-doped graphene via solvothermal synthesis process with urea as both reductant and nitrogen sources. The resulting N-doped graphene were characterized by various methods (UV-vis spectra, SEM and XPS). XPS analysis shows a predominant graphitic C 1s peak at ca. 285 eV, an O 1s peak at ca. 532 eV and N 1s peak at ca. 410 eV. Moreover, the atomic ratio of N/C is 5.0% for N-doped graphene, demonstrating nitrogen species have been successfully incorporated into N-doped graphene.

Abstract: In this work, two environmentally friendly crosslinking agents were applied to chemically modified tussah silk fabric so as to improve the crease-resistant properties of the tussah silk fabric. The crosslinking agents were applied by padding method to the silk fabrics. The finishing mechanics and the technical factors on the finishing effects were analysized, and the optimum process conditions were then determined. The results indicated that the two crosslinking agents improved the crease resistant properties of the silk fabric, the crease resistant properties and the whiteness indexes of the organosilicone finishing tussah silk was more than that of the glyoxal finishing.

Abstract: This work is aimed at carbonation resistance of steel slag concrete based on maximum utilization of industrial waste residue. The investigation is conducted to study the carbonization resistance of concrete which containing steel slag aggregate (SSA), steel slag powder (SSP) and blast furnace slag (GSP). The ordinary concrete as baseline group, the other concrete are fabricated with the 25% SSA, in combination with 30% SSP and 20% GSP by total binder content. The microscopic properties are analyzed by XRD, SEM, micro-hardness tests etc. Experimental results indicate that the carbonation depth of concrete which adding 25% SSA, 30% SSP and 20% GSP, have lower carbonation depth significantly than the reference at 28 day and 56 day. The substitution of natural aggregate and cement are 25%, 50% respectively by industrial waste residue, that can improving microstructure of aggregate-cement stone interface, optimizing cementitious materials hydration environment, concrete presents better durability performance.