Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 670-671

Abstract: A natural yellow pigment is extracted from carthamus tinctorious and the stability of the pigment on metal ions and the pH change are studied by visible spectra analysis. The extracts are applied to dye silk fabric and the dyeing properties are tested. Results show that the maximum absorption wavelength of the extract changed with pH value and metal ions. The safflower yellow pigment has good property for silk dyeing, the mordant dyed silk fabrics can obtain a deeper color yield and a better washing and rubbing color fastness.

Abstract: Lightweight glass ceramic foams have been prepared from a mixture of solid wastes, namely 40 wt-% red mud and 60 wt-% fly ash. In this work, we illustrate the effects of variables in heat treatment process, including the sintering temperature and the holding time, on the quality of the foams. The reduction of sintering temperature as well as the holding time, was found to limit the coalescence and improve the apparent density and the compressive strength.

Abstract: In this paper, the thermogravimetic (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of deinking sludge from Huatai Group Co., Ltd were derived from tests of thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Pyrolysis character and kinetics of deinking sludge were investigated using thermalanalysis. The result showed that the pyrolysis process was composed of three stages: water lose stage, organic decomposition and decomposition of residues. The dynamical model of this pyrolysis process could be expressed by three first-order parallel reaction. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction were calculated respectively by Coats-Redfern integration method, the effect of heating rate on the deinking sludge pyrolysis characteristics was discussed.

Abstract: PS solution is widely applied for preservation and solidification of historical earthen sites in acid circumstances, yet for earthen sites in humid environment, the validity of PS solution is not determinate. The potential application of PS for strengthening Tianluoshan relic soils were evaluated by a series of laboratory permeation tests in the study. The results show that the permeation efficiency of PS solution are greatly related with dry density and initial water content of relic soils, the practical application guidance are also presented in the paper.

Abstract: This study investigated the application of supercritical water as green and environmentally friendly treatment medium for hydrolysis and decomposition lignin in order to obtain the relation the products of phenolic compounds and the lignin structural. The processes were studied using three different biomass feed-stocks: poplar alkali lignin (AL), corncob enzymatic/mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL), and cornstalk or benzene–ethanol-extracted lignin (BEL), and lignin were identified by elemental analysis, FTIR, ³¹P-NMR. Experiments were performed in a batch stainless steel reactor at supercritical water 375°C at residence time of 10min. Main phenolic compounds from decomposition of lignin were identified by external standard method. Results indicated that the functional groups of AL, EMAL and BEL had a marked influence on the produces. More phenol OH groups and more benzene and phenolic contents could be gained under supercritical water conditions. The total produces reached to 74mg/g of dry EMAL and which was a high quality raw material as the source of phenol and 4-ethylphenol. The AL compositions of guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 3-methoxycatechol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene had more than EMAL and BEL.

Abstract: Surface modified ELISA plates grafted with methylacrylic acid (MAA) were prepared by ⁶⁰Co γ-Ray irradiation at room temperature in MAA water solution. The optimum conditions of modification were decided by the water contact angle and the absorbency of polystyrene enzyme label plate. FTIR, XRD spectra and AFM images show that MAA and its polymer have been grafted to the surface of the ELISA plates induced by ⁶⁰Co γ-Ray irradiation. The volume concentration of MAA aqueous solutions reached 10%, and the radiative intensity was 10kGy, and correspondingly, the content of carboxyl group on the surface of ELISA plates reached 0.30mmol/cm².

Abstract: This paper describes the types and characteristics of ionic liquids, synthesis and application of ionic liquids in chemical and environmental applications, and naphthenic acid corrosion problems and research on ionic liquids are organically combined together, using properties, good stability and easy separating from crude oil, of ionic liquid generated by imidazole and naphthenic acid, exploring the ionic liquid deacidification process conditions and acid removal effect. The naphthenic acid and imidazole react in acetone solvent, synthesis a series of ionic liquids in different reaction ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and stirring speed conditions,makesome physical measurements and calculation of the yield of these ionic liquids and. The results show that, in naphthenic acid and imidazole molar ratio of 1:1, reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 7h, stirring speed 400R / min, stand half hour after reaction, the yield of naphthenic acid type ionic liquid is maximum, namely, the deacidification effect is best. At the same time measured in the ionic liquid density is 1.179g / mL, and pH is 5.8. Obtained optimum synthesis condition of naphthenic acid type ionic liquid, greatly improving the deacidification rate of high acid crude oil, more importantly, the method does not cause any pollution to the environment.

Abstract: Some adsorbents were tested for indoor air purification from carbon dioxide. The obtained experimental data on the capacity of adsorbents allowed to carry out estimated calculations for definition of daily quantity of a sorbent for absorption of excess quantity of CO₂. An experimental stand for assessing sorption capacity of adsorbents for gas mixtures containing CO₂ in the air composition, biogas, etc. created, allows using model gas carry out qualitative and quantitative estimation of the compositions of input and output streams and the absorptive capacity of the tested materials.

Abstract: Averaged potential energy surfaces for isotopic Ne–CO₂ complexes (²⁰Ne–¹⁸O ¹³C¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne–¹⁷O ¹²C¹⁶O and ²²Ne–¹⁷O ¹²C¹⁶O) are presented. According to the latest ab initio potential of ²⁰Ne–¹²C¹⁶O₂(R. Chen, H. Zhu, D. Q. Xie, J. Chem. Phys, 133, 2010, 104302,) which incorporates its dependence on the Q₃ normal mode for the antisymmetric stretching vibration of the CO₂ molecule, we obtain the averaged potentials for ²⁰Ne–¹⁸O ¹³C¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne–¹⁷O ¹²C¹⁶O and ²²Ne–¹⁷O ¹²C¹⁶O complexes by integrating the potential energy surface over Q₃ normal mode. Each averaged potential surfaces are found to have a T-shaped global minimum and two equivalent linear local minima. The radial DVR/angular FBR method and the Lanczos algorithm are applied to calculate the rovibrational energy levels. Comparison with the available experimental values showed an overall excellent agreement for all spectroscopic parameters and the microwave spectra.

Abstract: Pretreatment is a critical step in the conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars. In this work, Miscanthus straw was pretreated with ammonium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), which was shown by earlier works to be an effective pretreatment of grass stovers and other plant materials in the context of ethanol production. Here, we explored several key parameters including Na₂CO₃ concentration (2–6%), temperature (120–160°C), and reaction time (10–30 min) to evaluate their effects on enzymatic digestibility using response surface methodology. The best conditions were found to be Na₂CO₃ of 4.4%, temperature of 150.7°C, and reaction time of 20.0 min, under which glucose yield reached to 294.5 g/Kg biomass.