Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: . To find the leading factors affecting farmer’s income increasing and analyze its incidence, in this paper we by projection pursuit model choose 8 indicators to evaluate the situation of farmer’s income increasing in Heilongjiang reclamation area from 2004 to 2008, the results of the optimal projection direction and the optimal projection value show planting structure adjustment, income of peasants' outgoing for employment, agricultural subsidies and agricultural tax credits are 3 important factors which provide the decision-makers in Heilongjiang reclamation area with a theoretical reference for solving famers’ income increasing problem effectively and this model method has application value.

Abstract: Low energy efficiency, energy shortage and energy related environmental issues are the important limiting factors for the development of China. As a developed province, high economic growth has had huge implications for great energy consumption and produced significant air pollutants in Shandong. REPI model is introduced to analyze the evolution of the performance of energy consumption, emissions of SO2, soot and industrial dust in Shandong over the past 12 years. Energy saving index of Shandong kept going up since 1997 and surpassed 1 in 2002, which means the obvious decrease of energy efficiency. SO2 saving index was greater than 1 in 1997-2002 then less than 1 in 2003-2008, which shows SO2 control in Shandong is significant. The saving index of soot and industrial dust kept much less than 1, which means the reduction of these two air pollutants are much better than China average level in the study period. Though the saving indexes of SO2, soot and industrial dust are all less than 1 after 2002, which show the reduction of these pollutants are above China average level, we should still be aware for the massive emissions of these pollutants. To balance economic development, energy saving as well as pollutants reduction, Shandong is faced with huge pressure.

Abstract: Research on anaerobic fermentation biohydrogen production from molasses wastewater in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) was conducted. Emphasis was focused on the rapid start-up of ethanol-type fermentation in biological hydrogen production reactor. It was found that an initial biomass of 17.71 g/L, temperature of 35°C±1°C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, the reactor could start-up the ethanol-type fermentation at the range of 2000-4000 mg/L and at pH from 3.23 to 4.39 in 12 days with COD (chemical oxygen demand), respectively. The content of hydrogen was 45.77% in the fermentation biogas and the COD removal was 8%. As the hydrogen production system experienced low pH (3.23-4.0), the ethanol-produce bacterial can resume easier compared with other fermentation bacteria which are difficult to restore. In addition, when the pH value ranged from 4.0 to 4.63, the hydrogen production increased with the content of ethanol in liquid fermentation products increased. However, it was detected that the yield of hydrogen decreased with a high content of ethanol in the pH value ranged from 3.23 to 4.0, which demonstrated pH value played the most important role on hydrogen production within low pH.

Abstract: Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metals Cu(II)and Ni(II) by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) grafted β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The effects concerning the pH of the solution, contact time and initial heavy metal concentration were studied and discussed. The adsorption values increased significantly after a large number of carboxyl groups were gragfted on the microspheres surface. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption, adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. It was found that kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. XPS analysis further confirmed that the carboxyl group which grafted on the surface of the β-CD microspheres play a very important role in the removal of heavy metals.

Abstract: Siliceous sand (dune sand) was partially replaced by slag sand (SS) at different proportions (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%). Using two types of fine aggregates, dune sand (DS) and slag sand (SS), grading, compressive and flexural strengths are measured on mortar. Physical and chemical characteristics of dune sand (DS), slag sand (SS) and cement were determined in this study. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical strength of mortar made with binary sand (DS/SS) depends of the nature and particle size distribution of sand studied.

Abstract: Ni(II) ion-imprinted polymers(Ni(II)-IIPs) was synthesis by the method of surface ion-imprinting in combination with sol-gel process, and prepared by the Ni(II) as template ion, Chitosan(CTS) as functional monomer, γ-Glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) as linking agent, potassium tertatitanium whisker as carrier. After removing Ni(II) ion from the polymer, Ni(II)-IIPs capable of selectively rebinding Ni(II) ion were obtained. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A batch of adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate its adsorption behavior of Ni(II) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The effect of solution pH, sorbent amount on the extraction of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni(II) on polymer beads was about 33.1 mg•g−1. The Ni(II)-IIPs have a greater affinity for Ni(II) with respect to Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions. Ni(II)-IIPs enabled the selective extraction of Ni(II) from a complex matrix. The prepared functional polymer was shown to be promising for selective pre-separation and enrichment of trace Ni(II) in environmental samples.

Abstract: The minimum temperature in winter is under -30oC in the northern hilly regions. It is harmful for the municipal wastewater treatment in winter. According to previous reports, the effects caused by the low-temperature in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summarized, and improvements are put forward. Improving the efficiencies of municipal wastewater treatment is essential and significant in the northern hilly regions.

Abstract: To establish a cost-efficient wastewater treatment system for the ammonia-rich swine wastewater, a combined process consisting of Internal and outer Circulation (IOC) anaerobic reactor and Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) was developed in this study. The combined process could remove about 91.7% of COD and 86.4% of NH4+-N, but TN removal efficiency was undesired, the average TN removal rate was only 28.5%. The optimization of SBBR operation mode to increase the oxygen - anoxic alternating frequency was conducive to the combined process of COD, NH4+-N and the TN removal rate reached 95.6%, 95.4% and 78.6%, respectively. The combined process has high removal efficiency of high ammonia and organic wastewater, is attractive for the treatment of wastewater containing high strength ammonia and carbon.

Abstract: This study focused on the feasibility of autotrophic nitrogen removal to treat high ammonia leachate, using combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process. In partial nitritation reactor, the optimal operation condition was found with influent ammonium concentration of 1200 mg/L, DO about 3 mg/L, HRT 3 days and temperature about 31°C at the ratio of NO2-N / NH4-N effluent kept at 1.1, which is a prerequisite for the application of Anammox. In Anammox reactor, more than 85% ammonium is removed at HRT 8 days, temperature 28±1°C, and pH 8. The removal rate of nitrogen and COD in combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process are 90% and 74%, respectively. Thus, a combined process of partial nitritation and a subsequent Anammox could be an alternative solution for ammonium removal for leachate.

Abstract: This paper studied the enzymatic hydrolysis process for porcine serum polypeptide from porcine blood. And the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration was 1190u/g, pH was 9.0, temperature was 50°C, time was5.3h. the relative DH was 21.26% under above conditions, It not only solve the environmental problems of livestock and poultry processing industry but also opened up new channels and new areas for functional food’s research, it had good social and economic benefits.