Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: Based on the fast-growing and abundant lightwood as ground mass, the study applies the formation principle of aerogel, uses such low-carbon treatment technologies as sol-gel method, Lowry method and supercritical drying method, prepares and forms an environment-friendly aerogel-type wood. The result of study shows that the new type of material not only has the natural biological structure of wood, but also has some fine features of aerogel, and is easily accepted by the environment.

Abstract: The research synthesized bis-(2-methyl quinoline) squarylium cyanine (abbr. QYCD). It was used as dye to enhance the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2 in sunlight. Then the photocatalytic process of removal of benzene was investigated indoor air. Results reveal that bis-(2-methyl quinoline)- squarylium cyanine has an intense absorption in the light region of 200nm - 800 nm. The Benzene removal of QYCD-nano-TiO2 complex catalyst at 78h was 97.69%, at the same time it was 36.96% higher as compared with that of nano-TiO2.

Abstract: The Heck reaction proceeded in isopropanol under ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature (30°C) has been reported in this report. The Heck reaction showed excellent regio- selectivity, enhanced reaction rates, high yields, and the conditions were mild and environmentally friendly. It was found that as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction palladium forms nano- particles in-situ, and can be recycled for many times. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis characteried the formation of stable, crystalline Pd(0) nanoparticles as catalyst for the reaction.

Abstract: A new type of oxygenated fuel blend was designed, it was diesel-fuel mixed with 15%、25% n-butoxyether(NBE) in volume. The experiments were conducted on a TY1100 single cylinder DI diesel engine. When the diesel engine rotational speed was 1400r/min and 2000r/min，the effects of the oxygenated fuel blends on engine Combustion and emission characteristics were studied. Results of experiment show that NBE has good solubility in diesel. When the diesel engine without any modification fueled with 15% ~ 25% NBE-diesel blended fuel，in comparison to original diesel engine, the diesel engine dynamic changes little, auto-ignition period is delay, and the premix combustion period increases, while the diffusive combustion period and combustion duration decreases. At high load, the peak values of cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate decrease strongly, but at low load, the peak values decrease slightly. In the same operating condition, the diesel engine fueled with 15% ~ 25% NBE-diesel blended fuel, its smoke, CO, HC and NOx emission decreases with the increasing content of NBE, can significantly reduce the smoke emission and reduce CO、HC and NOx emissions in some extent. For the largest decline amplitude, smoke emission decreases to 75%, CO emission decreases to 56%, HC emission decreases to 76.9%, and NOx emission decreases slightly, it decreases 13.1%.

Abstract: In the soil environment，through analyzing the numerical solutions of pollutant migration, the time-space law of the transmission of organic pollutants in soil can be mastered, which has both theoretical and practical significance. The general mathematical model of the migration of volatile pollutant in soil was established; and typical models of pollution sources emission were calculated, and the influence of various parameters in model on calculation results were compared, such as diffusion, convection, adsorption and degradation parameters; finally a correlation analysis and discussion was made on calculation results of the pollutant concentration distribution. The calculation results show that the convection is the main reason causing pollutants migration, and the influence of volatility to migration process cannot be ignored. It provides the scientific basis and approach for the pollution forecasting and prevention.

Abstract: Hydrometallurgical process for recovery of aluminum, lithium and cobalt from the spent secondary lithium–ion batteries of Yun–lin battery recycle corporation was investigated. The recovery efficiency of spent lithium–ion secondary batteries on the hydrometallurgical process of their leachant concentration, temperature (T), time (t), solid–to–liquid ratio (S:L) were investigated. The experimental procedure include the following three major steps: (1) solvent extraction separation of aluminum by NaOH, (2) solvent extraction separation of lithium and cobalt by 3 mol/L H2SO4 (4.76 % (v/v) 35% (v/v) H2O2) from the final solution after aluminum removal. Finally, (3) cobalt are precipitated by ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4) from the final solutions after aluminum removal. The experimental results for treating 3 g of anode plus in the battery by this new technique were reported, and some evaluation were also carried out. In the processing, the percent removal of impurities, such as aluminum could reach 90.6% or more, and that of lithium and cobalt were all more than 90.0%.

Abstract: Trees are complicated and important organisms in forest ecosystem. They are both carbon stocks and carbon source. In order to give full play to the role of wood carbon sequestration, this paper discussed the relationship of wood structural features and wood carbon sequestration at micro-level. It shows that wood carbon sequestration can be synthetically reflected by vessel, tracheid/xylon, wood rays, intercellular canal, xylem parenchyma and so on. The rate of cell wall and wood carbon sequestration is the relationship of direct proportional function. Micro-structural characteristics of wood can reflect wood carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems, as well as have a practical guide to enhance carbon storage of wood.

Abstract: A blend superabsorbent resin from CMC and PVA grafted acrylic acid was prepared by solution polymerization without crosslinker. It was characterized by TG to understand thermal stability. SEM and ESEM was used to observe the surface morphology and the network structure. And the absorbency in double distilled water and in 0.9% NaCl solution was measured. The results showed the superabsorbent resin synthesized in this study is stable at temperature lower than 385°C. The thermal stability is good. SEM results indicated that dry resin has rough surface on cross section and good property of membrane. It is found in ESEM photographs that it has uniform network structure made from numerous connecting polygonal membranes and there are holes on the membranes. The absorbency in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl solution are1392.9g/g and 128.5g/g. It has high swelling rate and good salt-resistance.

Abstract: To find out affecting elements of short cut notification and denitrification, the fast startup and the stable operation of shortcut nitrification-denitrification has been investigated. It was found that the fast startup of shortcut nitrification-denitrification can be realized through the control of DO and pH as well as temperature. For the sludge in the primary shortcut nitrification, excess aeration has side effect on nitrite nitrogen accumulation. Therefore the suitable controlling method not only can realize the shortcut nitrification denitrification, but also can maintain stable operation.

Abstract: A method combines a back propagation neural networks (BPNN) with the data obtained using finite element method (FEM) is introduced in this paper as an approach to solve reverse problems. This paper presents the feasibility of this approach. FEM results are used to train the BPNN. Inputs of the network are associated with dimension deviation values of the steel pipe, and outputs correspond to its pass parameters. Training of the network ensures low error and good convergence of the learning process. At last, a group of optimal pass parameters are obtained, and reliability and accuracy of the parameters are verified by FEM simulation.