Advanced Materials Research Vols. 197-198

Abstract: The study main researched the effect of apparent porosity of porcelain architectural ceramic materials on the far-infrared radiance property. T3J1, a formula of Mg-K-Al-Si system was used for the research and the materials were obtained when the body was sintered under five temperature spots in the sintering range. The material’s water absorption, apparent porosity and the far-infrared emissivity were measured and the results showed that the apparent porosity is increased because of the low sintering temperature. The more apparent porosity cause the surface of the material more coarse and the more radiation source and higher far-infrared emissivity. A correlation curve formula refers to the effect of the change of the apparent porosity (Δρ) of the T3J1 on the far-infrared emissivity(ε) was got under the mathematical analysis, that is: ε=ε_max－0.0017－0.0004e^Δρ/0.13138

Abstract: The technology for bleaching of the starch glycoside surfactant was studied by using hydrogen peroxide as the major decoloring agent, coupled with magnesium sulfate, sodium silicate and EDTA as additive agents. The technic of decoloration was optimized through the orthogonal experimentation. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the resulting products exhibit good stability. After 72h stability test, only a little change of 1.01% by U-2001 spectrophotometer at absorbance 470 nm. The absorbance was observed by compared with the products before decoloration and after. The main composition and structure of the starch glycoside surfactant were analyzed by infrared spectrum (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results show that the technics of decoloration for the starch glycoside surfactant are feasible and simple which may be useful for practical applications.

Abstract: Pure TiO₂, Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ co-doping TiO₂ composite nanoparticles have been prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by the techniques such as XRD, SEM and DRS. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activity. The matrix distortion of TiO₂ nano-particles increases after co-doping of Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ and a blue-shift of the absorption profile are clearly observed. The results show that co-doping of Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ inhibits the phase transformation of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile, decreases the diameter of TiO₂ nano-particles and significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. The Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ co-doped into TiO₂ nano-particles exert a synergistic effect on their photocatalytic activity.

Abstract: The work showed that there were 44 species belonging to 23 genera, 3 phylum of phytoplankton in the research area. Among them, 31 species of 16 genera were Bacillariophyta, which accounted for 70.5 % of all species, 12 species of 6 genera were Pyrrophyta, which accounted for 36.4 % of all species, as well as one sepecies of genera was Chrysophta, which accounted for 2.3 % only. And 16 species, as the indicator of ‘red tide’ usually, were identified. Among them, 10 species belong to Pyrrophyta, 5 species were belong to Bacillariophyta, and one species of Chrysophta identified was also the dominant alga of ‘red tide’. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index showed that the water qualities in all sections were in the level of moderate polluted.

Abstract: The spherical cellulose adsorbent was prepared by grafting acrylic acid onto the spherical cellulose beads prepared by NMMO method. The effecting factors, e.g., monomer concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimized by the orthogonal and signal-factor experiments and the structure of the adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The graft mechanism was also discussed. Moreover, the spherical cellulose adsorbents were shown to behave as good sorbents for basic amino acids L-Arg, L-Lys and L-His.

Abstract: This study concerned a novel super-molecular ionic liquid synthesized by ammonium thiocyanate and caprolactam. The physical characters such as melting point and electric conductivity were investigated. Results showed that the melting point is -12.2°C at the molar ratio of 3:1 (caprolactam/ammonium thiocyanate), which is much lower than raw materials. The electric conductivities of synthesized ionic liquids were close to that of imidazole ILs. The structure of ionic liquid was characterized by IR, ¹HNMR and quantum chemical calculations. It was shown that the NH₄⁺ cation connected with caprolactam organic molecules by hydrogen bonds, leading to the forming of a super-molecular ion. The electrostatic attraction of super-molecular ion with anion was decreased because of the larger volume of super-molecular ion than original cation, thus the melting point decreased. The key properties that distinguish super-molecular ionic liquid from other ILs were the presence of supermolecular ion, which can be used to build up a hydrogen-bonded network. This type ion liquid was named as super-molecular ion liquid.

Abstract: Tests were carried out to study mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced full lightweight aggregate concrete (HFRFLAC), the hybrid fiber was composed by steel fiber and polypropylene fiber, the expanded-shale and lightweight sand were used as coarse and fine aggregates. The apparent density and strengths in cubic compressive, splitting tensile and flexural tensile states of HFRFLAC were obtained. The results show that the average dry apparent density increases with the increasing cement content, which is much more affected by fraction of steel fiber by volume than mass content of polypropylene fiber; the tensile strengths increase somewhat with the increasing mass content of polypropylene fiber; all of the strengths increase with the increasing fraction of steel fiber by volume, and obvious are the enhancement of tensile strengths; there are somewhat relevance between the effects of polypropylene fiber and steel fiber on mechanical properties of HFRFLAC.

Abstract: The research is part of wet-sieving concrete technique for building thermal insulated reinforced concrete composite wall. The fine aggregate concrete is made from ordinary concrete passing sieve with square mash of 15 mm for casting surface concrete layer of the wall. Tests were conducted to determine drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage of fine aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete. On the basis of test results, the variations of these shrinkages are analyzed. It shows that the shrinkage is almost resulted from drying shrinkage; the drying shrinkages of fine aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete increase rapidly in the early ages before 14 d, the former takes place with large value 1.61 times of the later; the increments of drying shrinkage of fine aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete are almost the same after 14 d. The drying shrinkage of fine aggregate concrete is about 1.23 times of ordinary concrete. The formulas are proposed for calculating the drying shrinkage of fine aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete.

Abstract: Silver (Ag⁺) doped iron (III) vanadate (FeVO₄) samples are prepared by the precipitation method and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The photocatalytic activity under visible light is evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the solution. The results show that both FeVO₄ and Ag⁺ doped FeVO₄ samples are triclinic, the later have different surface morphology, and some needle-shaped materials appear in the later. From XPS, there are more Fe²⁺ ions in Ag⁺ doped FeVO₄ sample than that in FeVO₄ one without Ag⁺. It indicates that Ag⁺ doping can increase the density of the surface oxygen vacancies of catalysts, which can act as electron traps promoting the electron-hole separation and then increase the photo-activity. The decoloration rate after Ag⁺ doping against methyl orange solution can reach about 81%, and be more about 20％ than that of pure FeVO₄.

Abstract: FeVO₄ photocatalysts were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microsoope （SEM）and specific surface area (BET). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light. The XRD patterns of no-surfactant-assisted, PEG-assisted, CTAB-assisted and SDS-assisted FeVO₄, indicate that diffraction peaks can be well indexed as triclinc FeVO₄. And the crystalline sizes of samples were evaluated as 113, 69, 66, 76 nm for FVO, FVO-PEG, FVO-CATB and FVO-SDS respectively.The addition of surfactant woul greatly affect the morphology of FeVO₄ photocatalysts, which can lead to different photocatalytic activities between them. In the experimental conditions used, the PEG-assisted FeVO₄ product had a much higher photocatalytic activity (the photodegradation rate was about 77% or so in 14h) than the other three products.