Advanced Materials Research Vols. 243-249

Abstract: Based on the data from research on the energy consumption of Wuhan City families, surveyed the relationship among the family structure, family income, measurement of heating, and air conditioner usage; pointed out the exit problem of that city’s family energy consumption and proposed some solutions; offered the theory basis for future construction energy-saving improvement.

Abstract: On the May 12, a huge earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, and causing tremendous damage. There are 5,401,900 housing collapsed and 5,932,500 severely damaged, and the large number of them should be reconstructed urgently. In the planning and redevelopment of housing for rural residents amounted to 3,500,000 units only in Sichuan. The surveying of post-disaster reconstruction by writer indicating, the buildings of residential in Earthquake-stricken villages and towns are constructed in lower standard than those in city. Single-layer and two-story stand-alone home is the main type of the rural traditional housing. The existing housing in rural areas did not take energy-saving into account, and the vast majority of them cannot meet the minimum level of energy-saving. There will be a good opportunity to promote the energy-saving technique in post-disaster reconstruction in rural areas. Based on the command of building energy-saving design, and combined with climate and geographical characteristics in Wenchuan quake-stricken, the outer blinds system proposed in the energy-saving design of the rural residential post-disaster reconstruction. The outer blinds system is one of traditional architecture techniques. The adjustable sun visor can all be found in the Ming and Qing Imperial Palace and the receiving chamber. But at present, the outer blinds system can be little taken into account in the buildings by local architects and designers. The paper based on energy-saving effect, shade materials, and the service life and initial investment; explored the applicability of outer blinds system in rural areas post-disaster housing construction, and put forward solutions and technology roadmap. The results showed that the shade outside technique has such characteristics like low cost, effective and simple. There are strong applicability in the rural residential post-disaster reconstruction. The paper also analyzed the shade outside technical problems in order to provide some references in post-disaster reconstruction.

Abstract: In order to invetigate the natural radioactivity levels of typical building materials in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province,China, the specific activities of natural radionuclides (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) in samples of building materials were measured by ORTEC HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. And the radium equivalent activity, the internal and external exposure index, and relative annual effective dose equivalents were also claculated. The average concentrations of all the samples ranged from 64 to 318.79 Bq·kg^-1, 11.35 to 144.83 Bq·kg^-1 and 92.57 to 951.68 Bq·kg^-1 for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, respectively. Their average values were in the ranges: 0.33-1.50 for the internal exposure index (Ira); 0.29-1.51 for the external exposure index (Ir); 0.34-1.74 mSv·a-1 for H_Eext and 0.36-1.76 mSv·a^-1for H_Eint. The average radium equivalent activity varied from 106.49 to 541.77 Bq·kg^-1. According to the standard, most samples were in a lower radioactivity level expect a few of artificial tiles. But, we must perfect detection and management system of many materials to ensure radiation safety and physical health.

Abstract: Based on the background of the environment and climate change today, this paper elaborates the meaning and approaching method of zero-carbon city. Furthermore, by the contrasting and analyzing of eco-cities, for example Dongtan in Shanghai and Masdar in Abu Dhabi, the design strategies are summarized for zero-carbon city.

Abstract: Integrating agriculture into urban environment and architectural space, which connects with production, life and ecological systems, will be an integrative strategy for low-carbon city and architecture. This acts as an alternative and even better which amends some missing links of the existing low-carbon strategy. This essay analyzes the necessity and possibility of developing urban agriculture for low-carbon cities and explores low-carbon architectural project, so as to discuss further in the possibility of integrating urban agriculture into cities and buildings.

Abstract: Energy efficiency in buildings is a worldwide problem, especially in China, it is under developed and begins very late, so research on energy efficiency theory in buildings is a pressed problem. In this paper, a new understanding for BEE is put forward and the character of the social activity is emphasized with building energy consumption process. The new definition embodies the systematic characters of subject, object, and sense of principle and target of BEE technology and practice, which is useful to establish the foundation of the systems theory of knowledge. This paper also inquires into the problems and straits around to BEE. In order to improve the energy efficiency theory, to produce more suitable environment of human settlements as well, we should establish the systems theory, human and culture view, technology theory and regional view. To accelerate the process of research and development of energy efficiency in buildings in China, this paper conducted a theoretical research with the building environment, energy utilization and human development. The key to establish firmly building theory of energy efficiency is how to exploit the local natural conditions and stick to the requirements for the harmony of human being with environment; this paper sets up the preliminary system frame in the end.

Abstract: An on-site test on envelope of a typical steel residential building in cold region is performed. The testing results provide evaluation bases for the energy-saving effects of the steel residential building. In order to evaluate the main factors that influence energy dissipation of the building and estimate the main energy dissipation positions, the heat transfer coefficient K of envelope and its actual energy consumption are calculated based on the testing data. The results indicate that the building envelope has good heat storage property and it could keep indoor thermal stability; the steel frames and windows have heat bridge effects. Through calculations of the energy consumption of envelope, it is showed that the tested building only meet the requirement of energy saving by 50%, instead of 65%; the external walls and windows are main energy dissipation parts. Finally the thermal design recommendations about steel residential buildings are proposed.

Abstract: Taking residential building in hot summer and cold winter zone as research subject, studies the influence factors and sensitivity of building consumption. Choosing three factors of building orientation, building envelope and window-wall ratio for analysis, compares the calculation results by using DeST-h software with energy consumption simulating calculation. The results show that the effect of building envelope heat transfer coefficient on building energy consumption is the greatest. So that is the most sensitive factor, which is followed by building orientation, the effect of window-wall ratio is relatively small.

Abstract: In the reservoir water temperature conducted annual test, test data shows that water temperature perennial remain in 9 ~ 10 in certain depth below. Reservoirs and lakes are huge natural cold source. In an air conditioning engineering, the reservoir cold water was directly used as cooling source. The air conditioning effect is good and to gets good energy-saving and environmental benefits. It suggests that solar energy, natural ventilation and natural cold and heat storage in water should be widely used in the western tourist architecture in order to achieve low carbon tourism.

Abstract: Fouling of heat transfer surfaces causes serious technical and economic problems in industry. A CFD based model is proposed for predicting fouling process in spiral-grooved tubes. This model considered both crystallization at heat transfer surface and deposition of crystal forming in the stream. The precision of this model was validated using experiment date. It was proved that the model developed in this work can predict fouling process in spiral-grooved tubes well.