Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353

Abstract: In this paper, a novel biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction system using blast furnace as heating source was presented. The system is composed of three parts: blast furnace slag granulation, biomass pyrolysis centrifuge reactor, and the waste heat of blast furnace as the heat source. As the cost of biomass pyrolysis was greatly reduced, this system has a promising application prospect.

Abstract: A novel biomass pulverization technology was presented, and its performance is affected by many aspects, which have not been studied and optimized. This paper mainly concerns with a detailed study of the effect of rotor speed. The pulverization tests were conducted in a lab-scale crushing system and the results show: higher rotor speed improves the hit probability between blades and materials, enhancing the impacting and grinding effects. Thus higher rotor speed generates much finer particles. Meanwhile the energy consumption shows increasing trend with increasing rotor speed.

Abstract: In this paper, as a background for original monitoring project of the second power plant of Baotou , put forward a new design concept power plant real-time intelligent monitoring Web server and the far scheduling system based on the net framework , researched the function of the remote monitoring .The development of Software based on the VS.NET platform, adapted the c #language, SQLSERVER2005 database, the force control configuration software, based on the development of the three layer structure, and as the new ways of substation automation management for the monitoring system of the background image remote monitoring system .Completed the work for remote monitoring . Realize the process for intelligent monitoring.

Abstract: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are systems that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy by biological oxidation, current effort to improve the power output is limited by the lack of knowledge about the electrochemical activity bacteria and researches on the power generation mechanisms of pure strains are rare. In this study, the exoelectrogenic (”exo” for exocellular) bacterium staphylococcus SJ-1 was directly isolated from the MFC, which was stably run for 90 days. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) indicated that temporary mediator produced by SJ-1 may take the work of transferring electron. A new built double-chamber MFC was inoculated with pure SJ-1, and after 40 days enrichment, the system produced 520mW/m² power density and the highest open circuit voltage (OCV) reached to 616mV, the power output was higher than most of the single-strain MFCs reported.

Abstract: The elemental and phase compositions of cornstalk ash are largely different from that of lean coal ash. In comparison with pure lean coal, co-firing of cornstalk and lean coal may result in serious corrosion to the heating surface of superheater. This paper presents a composition comparison between the two ashes by means of Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. A number of experiments were carried out in a tubular furnace to investigate the ash corrosion characteristics. Measured corrosion characteristic curves show the agreement of parabolic rule, and the corrosion is mainly effected by ash compositions and temperature. It was also found that alkali-chloride, alkali metal sulphide in ash and HCl in flue gas significantly aggravate the corrosion. The corrosion speed increases as the temperature increase, and becomes significantly high when the temperature is above 550°C.

Abstract: In order to study the working performance of straw baler, this experiment adopts the self-developed test-bed of straw compression and bale. The unit power consumption, piston pressure, connecting rod pull pressure and bale density are obtained through survey and calculation. Then it analysis the influence of the different compression speed and different feeding amounts on machine performance and the components in the constant condition of factors such as straw moisture content. The results show that the best working performance of straw baler occurs when feeding amount is 1.0 kg/s and compression speed is 80 times/min. And the change of compression speed and feeding amount has little effect on bale density.

Abstract: In the report 2001 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects that climate could warm by as much as 10º F over the next 100 years and we already observed a warming of about 1º F since 1900. Therefore, how to mitigate the greenhouse gas effect is a very important issue since it affects everyone alive and not born. This paper mainly discusses the impacts of greenhouse gas emission that affects people the most. This paper mainly discusses the following questions: 1) what factors lead to the greenhouse gas effect 2) How can pyrolysis become a potential source to mitigate the greenhouse gas effect and what are the choices we may have Pyrolysis, as another bioenergy alternative, helps climate change mitigation while it also produces biochar that fixes carbon as a more stable form that has additional value when applied in agricultural land. GHGs come from the use of fossil fuel (CO2), nitrogen fertilizer application (N2O), and livestock enteric fermentation (NH4) and we need to find some strategies to reduce the emissions of GHGs such as crop fertilization alteration, crop tillage alteration, livestock management, manure management and biofuel production. Since CO2 play the most important role in the GHG effects, the goal of this paper is to find the alternative energy to help mitigate the GHG effects by reducing the amount of CO2 emissions. The forest can be a candidate because it has the function of carbon sink and is able to produce energy biomass. Forests really do a good job that reduce the amount of CO2 in the air, however, since the carbon value and interest rate will affect the optimal rotation length, it becomes uncertain whether or not the forest will be able to provide a stable input for energy production.

Abstract: Facing the tense situation of the world's energy, it is particularly important to develop and utilize environmentally friendly, renewable energy grass specially prepared for cellulosic ethanol production. Therefore, the establishment of a whole process of energy grass life cycle assessment model of production of cellulosic ethanol is necessary. This paper gives an inventory analysis of the life cycle of the process that uses energy grass to produce cellulosic ethanol, according to the theory of life cycle; and then uses BP neural network to assess environmental impact of this process. Research results show that the BP neural network meets the requirements of this environmental impact assessment, atmospheric pollutants and water pollutants of energy grass of cellulosic ethanol production process have reached the level of standard.

Abstract: This paper investigated the behaviors of flow and heat transfer of single-phase in rectangular micro-channels with three-dimensional numerical analysis. The single micro-channel is 200μm deep, 50μm wide. Deionized water was used as the working fluid. The fluid physical properties varying with temperature and Re number were studied. Comparisons were made among the results obtained from experiments, numerical simulations, and from those in the literature. The results indicated that the friction factors decreasing along the flow direction were ascribed to the fluid temperature rising under the unified heat flux boundary condition. It was found that influence of viscosity variation with temperature and viscous dissipation effect could be too significant to be neglected.

Abstract: In this paper, Couette flow which is a sort of flow system simplified in MEMS is explored mainly. The corresponding mathematical model has been built based on N- S Equation, Fourier’s Law and idea gas state equation. Applying the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQ) , the numerical simulation is made. The new model is verified using the direct simulation of Monte Carlo approach finally. The solutions of two different approaches are analyzed and compared. This model can been used to simulate the gas flow in the slip and transition region. The program of GDQ is simpler than DSMC’s and it’s running cost is much lower. The theoretical model is only able to predict the low speed flowing characteristic when Kn < 1. 2.