Advanced Materials Research Vols. 869-870

Abstract: Based on the energy consumption and the output value data of the 6 small heavy industrial enterprises during 2007-2011 in Shanghai, we calculated comprehensive energy consumption, carbon emissions, carbon intensity and energy intensity of these enterprises. It been found that the comprehensive energy consumption and the carbon emissions of the 6 small enterprises are in a fluctuating growth trend but the energy intensity and the carbon intensity show a trend of fluctuating downward. The energy intensity and the carbon intensity of the small enterprises are much larger than the average of the two whole industries in Shanghai. We analyzed the correlation coefficients between the output value and the energy consumption as well as between the output value and the carbon emissions. The results show that the comprehensive energy consumption and the carbon emissions have positive correlation as well as the carbon emissions and the output value.

Abstract: With the continued deterioration of the international environment, as well as people pay more attention to environment protection, also in order to avoid high-carbon industries lock effect, the low carbon sustainable development ideas are proposed. In this paper, based on the difference between domestic and international low carbon economy, we analyzed the low carbon economys fundamental connotation, reviewed the existing problem in the low carbon transport, and proposed the thought of building a low carbon city and the main development priorities.

Abstract: Low carbon community is an essential cell and it can be considered as the basic to achieve low carbon development strategy. Due to high energy consumption of commercial and residential buildings in the community, it is of great importance to reconsider the building structure and exploit renewable energy systems to minimize conventional energy consumption and improve living quality. In this paper, various low carbon technologies, strategies and lifestyles which are relevant with green buildings in the community have been discussed, including reasonable design, green roof system, utilization of renewable energy sources, change of low carbon living mode and energy-related behavior.

Abstract: This paper calculates the per capita carbon emissions, builds the LMDI model and determines the larger influence factor of per capita carbon emissions in Baotou by identifying the characteristics of problems of western old industrial base in the process of developing low carbon economy, typical old industrial base-- Baotou. Finally, this paper aim at corresponding influence factors to put forward several feasible measures in the process of developing low-carbon economy of Baotou, and then to provide reference for the western old industrial base in developing low carbon economy.

Abstract: This paper develops an integrated process parameter optimization and scheduling problem, where process parameter optimization and flow shop scheduling are considered simultaneously. Two objectives are taken into account: minimize makespan and carbon emissions. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted to handle such a problem. Then, the researchers propose two carbon emission reducing mechanisms to optimize the scheduling results: postponing mechanism, and process parameter preliminary optimization (PPPOM) mechanism. There are four cases depending on whether or not mechanisms are employed. The effects of those mechanisms on minimum objective functions, number of non-dominated solutions and quality of non-dominated solutions are studied. The results indicate that those mechanisms have significant influence on the optimization results. Better non-dominated solutions are produced when more mechanisms are employed.

Abstract: Currently, the global warming becomes serious and has become the crisis and challenge of all the world. Low carbon economy is the best mode of coping with the global warming and realizing sustainable development of economy and society. At present, The United States is still in the first place of greenhouse gas are worth of using for reference in developed countries. At present, the United States is still the biggest country that exhausts greenhouse gases, such as CO₂;however, carbon emissions in China can not be ignored. Recent research indicates that it is valuable to learn from developed countries carbon or energy taxes policy.

Abstract: Applying the portfolio and stochastic control theory, the paper comparatively considers tow carbon subsidies schemes: Renting and Purchasing, and focuses on the rental scheme to present a stochastic control model and obtain an analytical optimal dynamic strategy about harvesting quantity in conditions of stochastic commodity price and timber growth. Through contrasts, the conclusion shows that government will pay less under the rental scheme than under the purchasing scheme for the same negative effect on harvesting quantity.

Abstract: Cropping systems in the future will need to increase grain yield while reducing greenhouse gas emission per unit of production. Based on the investigation data of the farmers production, applying carbon cost model, we conducted the carbon cost of rice on state-operated farm (13 production teams) in Northeast China Plain. The results were as follows: the carbon cost of rice on Shuanghe Farm was 221.62±26.32 gCO₂e kg^-1, in which irrigation accounted for 40.68%, chemical fertilizer accounted for 24.55%, mechanical operation accounted for 24.35%, seed accounted for 9.21%, and pesticides accounted for 1.20%, respectively. The carbon cost of rice in different production teams were significantly different (P<0.01), and 20^th production teams was the highest (249.56±26.68 gCO₂e kg^-1) while 10^th team was the lowest (190.87±17.09 gCO₂e kg^-1). The differences of the carbon cost of rice among production teams almost was resulted from irrigation, and it had the potentiality of emission reduction in the production teams with higher carbon cost.

Abstract: Highway route design indexes are the key factors which can determine the overall performance of highway. They affect not only the economy, safety, function of highway, but also affect the amount of CO₂ emissions of highway. In order to find the most reasonable route design indexes, firstly, establish the function relationship between route design indexes and carbon emissions and cost-effectiveness of highway and social environment. Secondly, analyze action strategies of the highway construction main bodies and the social environment main bodies based on game theory. Thirdly, establish the complete information static game model, and solve to get the pure strategy Nash equilibrium in different circumstances. Establish a set of methods of evaluating highway route design indexes. Provide a scientific decision basis for highway construction departments.

Abstract: Global warming is the top ten environmental problem of the world, and the greenhouse effect caused by a large number of CO2 emissions from human society is the root of climate change. Currently, the global warming becomes serious and has become the crisis and challenge of all the world. Low carbon economy is the best mode of coping with the global warming and realizing sustainable development of economy and society. In many policies to promote low carbon economic development, various related carbon tax policies and regulations are still the most dependent means of every country. The carbon tax levied by part of OECD countries is worthy of our reference.