Advanced Materials Research Vols. 998-999

Abstract: Numerous studies have reported the association between fine particle matter (PM) and lung diseases. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the key lung cells with strong capability of eliminating external particle pollutant. Therefore the prevention of AM from apoptosis induced by fine PM is vital for clinical treatment of increased pulmonary diseases. This study aims to investigate the ultrastructural changes in cultured AM induced by fine PM, which can directly reflect the effect of fine PM on AM apoptosis. In addition, Standard Reference Material for fine PM (SRM 2786) was used in current study due to its relative uniform composition. The results in this study suggested that SRM 2786 induced morphology changes in AM in a dose-dependent manner by transmission electron microscope observation, including nuclear fragmentation, chromatin aggregation, increased numbers of lysosomes and so forth. Consequently, this study provides reliable evidence for us to further investigate the apoptotic mechanism of AM induced by fine PM treatment in the future.

Abstract: Rare earth poisoning is becoming a more and more serious problem for the people, even worse there were no effective early diagnosis, prevention and treatments for that. In this study, the confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy was success used to monitor the variations of Raman spectra from the erythrocytes during the rare earth poisoning in mice, and the intensity heavily depended on the concentration, especially peaks at 756 cm^-1(tryptophan), 1224 cm^-1 and 1344 cm^-1(CH₂/CH₃ stretch), 1548 cm^-1(amide II) and 1566 cm^-1(amide II) which can be as the diagnostic biomarkers.

Abstract: A capillary electrophoresis method has been developed for the determination of brucine in strychnos. The analytical conditions were optimized after investigating the effects pH and concentration of buffer. Under optimized conditions (20 mmol/L NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4, pH=6.0, 20 kV, 254 nm,), the brucine was separated in 5 min.

Abstract: A multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in vegetables, using ethyl acetate extraction and determination by means of GC–MSD, is presented. The method includes as many as 27 pesticides such as organophosphorous, organohalogen, organonitrogen and pyrethroids pesticides, which are in common use or forbidden on vegetables in China. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the extract is concentrated and evaporated to dryness and redissolved in ethyl acetate before injection on GC–MSD. The recoveries were obtained in the range 70–100% with 5 exceptions in lettuce and 7 exceptions in cucumber, relative standard deviations between 1.92% and25.39% by means of standard addition to the vegetables blank extracts. The degradation of some pesticides in the 27 was studied by the method developed, the mixture of the pesticides commercial formulations was sparged on the vegetables, then the residues of samples obtained in different time were determined by the developed method. The determination indicated that (all pesticides were used as the instruction): 1.a pesticide, used on different plants, the quantity of the pesticide on the part for people’s dietary differs greatly; 2. some pesticides, degradating slowly and with a large dose, are inappropriate used on vegetables which remain on cropland for a short time. This research does not develop models for pesticides degradation, but provides some data on the safe intervals of the pesticides and a potential method for the study of multi-class pesticides safe intervals on a plant simultaneously.

Abstract: To examine the extraction method and chromatographic conditions that affect the determination of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules and make clinical evaluation about the determination of cinnamaldehyde.Ultrasonic methanol extraction was used before the detemination of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to detect samples. The SB-C18 column (Agilent, ZORBAX, 4.6×150mm, 5μm) was adopted, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (35:65) at the flow rate of 1.00mL•min-1 with DAD detection wavelength at 290nm, the volume of injection was 20μL and the column temperature was 30°C. The resolution between cinnamaldehyde and other peaks was good. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5035~50.35μg•mL-1(r=0.99976). The average recovery (n=6) of cinnamaldehyde was 99.2% with RSD of 0.5%. The HPLC-DAD method to detect the content of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules is simple and accurate. It can be used for quality control of cinnamaldehyde in Baoyuanqingxue granules.

Abstract: Eucheuma is a species of red alga and one of the primary sources of carrageenan. It utilizes floridean polysaccharides as food reserves. Industry has more concerns on Eucheuma is its carrageenans, however, most of other materials in Eucheuma has gone down the drain. Eucheuma gelatinae contains a certain amount of polysaccharides, which has various biological activities. In this study, alkaline extraction of acidic polysaccharide from Eucheuma gelatinae was applied.The polysaccharide structure and monosaccharide composition were also investigated by IR and GC.

Abstract: In this work, the rheological behavior of uncured natural rubber with different initial moisture contents dried by microwave was studied using RPA under frequency sweep and strain sweep modes. It can be seen from the results that the variation trend of viscous torque S`` versus sweep frequency kept with the trend of elastic torque S` versus sweep frequency. Moreover, the viscous torque S`` values were lower than those for elastic torque S`, a good linear relation curve was obtained by plotting elastic torque S` versus sweep frequency. The curve of storage shear modulus G` versus sweep strain presented a linear relationship, showed a linear viscoelastic behavior of uncured natural rubber with different initial moisture contents. This may be explained by the degradation of molecular chains of natural rubber and the van der waals forces between them.

Abstract: The flavonoids and phenolic acids contents in six kinds vinegar by HPLC were analysised. The results showed that there is no rutin and quercetin content in actual vinegar, while in submerged fermentation the the contents of epicatechin and quercetin in buckwheat vinegar in experiment is 48.93 and 40.56 mg/L. Respectively, the content of caffeic acid and ferulic acid is 0.15 mg/L and 1.85 mg/L.

Abstract: Ultrasonic biological effects are reactions between ultrasonic energy and biological tissue. The reactions will promote the separation of medical materials from some herbs. The research contents: (1) the mechanism of medical-component extraction of CTM based on ultrasonic cavitations; (2) the experiment research on optimization of extraction technique of CTM. The research methods: (1) to explain the mechanism, the dynamics and interaction between ultrasound and plant tissues; (2) combining with the experiments, the extracting effect and energy saving are used for evaluating the technique. The research results: (1) the optimized ultrasonic frequency is 25±10kHz, the power density in the space in the device should be 0.5~1.2W/cm³, the medium temperature should be 30~60°C. (2)Comparing with the boiling technique, the extracting effect of the ultrasonic technique is increased by 15%~30%, energy is saved by 500%. The experiment results are good tally with the theories.

Abstract: This paper reviews domestic and foreign study result of the calculation method and variation of solid propellant and other viscoelastic material ratio of solid propellant, the viscoelastic material's Poisson's ratio as well as Poisson's ratio's influence on the structure performance of solid propellant.