Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 641-642

Abstract: Since a variety of factors are associated with crash occurrence, the analysis of causes of crash is a hard task for traffic researchers and engineers. This study was attempted to identify factors affecting severity of the community road accidents. In particular, our analyses were focused on the community road accidents. A binary logistic regression technique was adopted for the analyses. The results showed that pedestrians of 65 years or older, cloudy, fence (sidewalk/driveway barrier), drivers of 24 years or younger, left/right turning, female pedestrian, non-business vehicle were dominant factors for the severity.

Abstract: The decision of freight transport are typically made for SCNE(Supply Chain Network Equilibrium),and its behavior is known to be influenced by regional conditions of traffic network,but little is known about role of traffic measures which have efficiency on SCNE.Unlike other studies in the extent literature,we aimed to cover the interaction between traffic measures and SCNE. We formulated variational inequality in terms of strategies and strategic flows as SCNE conditions.We employed an iterative algorithm of MSA to this variational inequality by solving a dynamic program.A numerical example proves the validity of our model and algorithm,and we show that our algorithm has faster convergence ability than existing algorithms.Moreover,results show that the amount of products and surpluses of SCN increase as traffic link capacity increases.We conclude that improvement of traffic network could enhance the efficiency of SCN.

Abstract: The objective of this work is to investigate how driving performance is varied in psychophysical phenomenon in urban tunnel. Twelve drivers participated in the real road experiments study, and they were classified into three groups according to age and gender. In experiments, by using the physiology recording instrument and Tobii Studio eye tracker system, the heart rate (HR) and eye movement, the pupillary change of the drivers at the entrance and exit of urban tunnel were separately investigated. Experimental results indicate that drivers’ performance while driving through an entrance and an exit are highly variable at speed, at HR increasing rate, and pupil diameter increasing rate. Middle-aged females and older-aged males are more sensitive to tunnel environment than middle-aged males. There is non-significant effect of tunnel zone on the visual scanning for all the drivers in this study.

Abstract: One-way traffic blocking on four-lanes freeway was divided into three types in this paper, such as blocking on outside lane, inside lane and double lanes. Then one lane blocking was conducted under five kinds of volume and six kinds of blocked time, moreover two lanes blocking was conducted under seven kinds of volume and five kinds of blocked time, and the simulation conclusions were obtained respectively . The relationship models among blocking duration time, upstream volume and blocking time are established and tested. This study can be used to predict the duration time of the freeway blocking under certain volume or blocked time.

Abstract: In this paper, a macroscopic model is applied to simulate dynamical features of traffic flow on a continuum urban network. This model is described as the two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model coupled with a reactive dynamic user-optimal route choice model. Numerical results visualize the ability of the model to predict some macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow on networks, i.e. the spatial distribution of flow density and travel cost of users, as well as to capture traffic congestion build-up and dissipation.

Abstract: based on the analysis of urban trip modes’ characteristics, competition mechanism among urban trip modes is explored. Theories of Supply-demand Balance & utility are used to the research of urban taxi reasonable capacity scale. The intrinsic mechanism of the changes of urban taxi scale is analyzed form marginal-revenue. A capacity scale model of urban taxi is established, based on the balance of urban taxi supply-demand, operating income of urban taxi industry and taxi passenger’s utility. Results of the case research show that the method is feasible and effective. It provided a reliable method of urban taxi capacity scale control.

Abstract: Through the mediating effect analysis of society informatization, discuss the internal relation in the influence of IT transformation on residents' travel behavior change, and then find the influence path. Proposes the hypothesis research model and verifies it empirically based on the “IT transformation and public travel” behavior survey in Tianjin (663). The result shows that IT transformation not only has a directly marked impact on changing travel behavior of residents; information literacy and information resources play a role of mediating effect between the IT transformation and residents’ travel behavior change.

Abstract: This paper provides the opportunity to present the performance evaluation results of Shanghai’s bus lane system in 2012. The evaluation results show that development of Shanghai’s bus lane system has fallen into a dilemma. The effectiveness of bus lanes was presenting a descending tendency. The average travel speed of bus lanes was only 14.6km/h, which was lower than the baseline of Shanghai’s transit metropolis construction targets. “Empty lane syndrome” existed in three newly implemented bus lanes. After 2010 Shanghai Expo, no new bus lane was built and the construction of bus lane came to a standstill. Lax enforcement resulted in high violation rates, which significantly reduced bus speed. Due to the increasing congestion in general purpose lanes and underutilization of bus lanes, attitudinal survey results revealed a negative public sentiment towards bus lanes. The grim situation urges a transition to sustainable development of bus lanes, namely, back to way to seek for efficiency and quality instead of blindly expansion.

Abstract: Setting state of bus stop affects the efficiency of the entire road system. Through discussing bus bay stop’s width, length and distance to intersection, a microscopic simulation was conducted in this paper. With a certain bus frequency, the total delay time of vehicles was analyzed under different road traffic in different forms of Da Yanta Bus Station in Xi’an. The results show that setting bus bay stops on the secondary roads which have large traffic flow can significantly reduce delay time, and can provide references for urban road design.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the relevant factor which influences the accident severity, and puts forward BP neural network traffic accident serious level model based on principal component analysis, it selects the main causes and accident serious level of 344 traffic accidents in Harbin in 2003 on the main road as the training and binding of the model, make sure that there is a good correspondence between the related main causes and the serious level. The model provides reference for the main control factors in order to determine the serious level of road traffic accidents of Nonlinear Systems.