Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 651-653

Abstract: While building technologies have become more advanced, the number of construction disasters has not reduced. One of the fundamental causes is a problem in the legal process, and this needs to be studied in order to seek a solution. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the precedents of construction disasters ruled on by the Korean Supreme Court, and then compare them with cases in other countries. The victims are aware that they did not get appropriate compensation according to the severity of the damages or injuries, and it is concluded that punishment should be imposed on the business owners according to the level of violation of regulations.

Abstract: Methylene blue is an organic dyestuff and damaged to human beings. Graphene-based composite is a new type of nanometer materials and with outstanding adsorption capacity of methylene blue than other materials in aqueous solution. This paper summarized and compared the difference among graphene, graphene-based composites and other materials in removing methylene blue in aqueous solution.

Abstract: In order to investigate the emission reduction mechanism for large-scale livestock and poultry breeding industry in China, the structure decomposition analysis model was built, and the total emission reduction effect, the scale effect, the structure effect and the technology effect were analyzed. The results indicate that the total emission reduction effect values of COD and NH₄-N were-10.17% and-9.80% respectively, the absolute values of which were decreasing gradually from 2011 to 2013, indicating a decrease trend of the pollutants discharge but with the yearly declined reduction effect. The scale effect values of COD and NH₄-N were both 0.32%, which implies the scale expansion of breeding restraining the emission reduction. The structural effect value were 0.99% and-1.91% respectively, namely the breeding structure does not promote the COD discharge reduction but benefits NH₄-N discharge reduction. The technology effect values were-11.48% and-8.21% respectively, which means the technology effect is the main driver of COD and NH₄-N discharge reduction, and the technology effect of discharge reduction for pig breeding is the key to the total technology effect; while the technology effect of beef cattle obviously restrains the discharge reduction, it is necessary to promote reduction projects and strengthen their surveillance.

Abstract: The influence of methanol on the sludge removal rate of COD was investigated and the mechanism was obtained. The results show that the adding of methanol solution can improve the sludge COD removal rate, when the mass fraction of methanol is 5%, COD removal rate can be highly 99.98% compared 98.26% of that without methanol. The mechanism of co-oxidation is that methanol oxidation process can produce free radicals HO· and HO₂·, they attack intermediate phenol and acetic acid, promote acetic acid to C-C bond fracture and ring-opening of phenol.

Abstract: Textile recycling can save resource and energy, as well as make huge economic benefits. Under the background of recycling economy, it is imperative to build textile recycling and reuse system in China, as there are many problems in Chinese textile waste recycling market. This paper introduces the background of textile waste recycling and explores the detail of advanced textile recycling mode in Germany as a case study, through which the author points out that we can learn from the German mode and choose Yangtze River Delta as a pilot area to establish the textile waste recycling system.

Abstract: IMO has discussed and adopted the new Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI, which is an amendment on the ship energy efficiency rules. It limits CO₂ emissions from ships by technical, operational and market-based measures. It will have a profound impact on the shipbuilding industry and shipping enterprises. By participating in the negotiations and striking for growth, the Chinese government authorities have provided funding, policy and technical support for the Chinese shipbuilding industry and shipping enterprises. It is the inevitable choice for China to develop the core technology and innovation capability in low-carbon ships with reference to foreign technical experience and achieve substantial results.

Abstract: Hydrofluorocarbons are difficult to remove from the water environment due to their inertness to photolysis, hydrolysis, and biodegradation. In the study, the rapid decomposition of hydrofluorocarbons was found in the presence of bismuth oxide as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Compared with nanoTiO₂ and direct photolysis, the photocatalysis by bismuth oxide can remove hydrofluorocarbons more efficiently under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The effects of temperature, pH, and initial hydrofluorocarbons concentration on the photocatalytic decomposition rates were investigated. Based on the detection of reactive radicals, photocatalytic reduction by hydrated electron was determined as the major degradation route. The detailed defluorination pathway was also proposed.

Abstract: The composite electrode, formed by SnO₂-Sb as catalyst agent, mesoporous carbon (MC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N₂ adsorption-desorption analyses. It has a high BET surface area of 184 m² g^-1 with a narrow pore distribution centered at 6.2 nm. The phenol removal of 96.3 % was achieved with the composite electrode in the electrochemical oxidation of aqueous phenol wastes after 80 min electrolysis while it was only 84.1 % for the SnO₂-Sb electrode. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 62.9 % on the composite electrode which was also higher than that on the SnO₂-Sb electrode (38.3 %).

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on power generation and microbial community structure in the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Three two-chamber MFCs (MFC-A, MFC-B, MFC-C) were used to conduct experiments. The MFC-A was operated sequentially using solutions of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 70 g/L NaCl in the anode chamber of the cell. The MFC-B was operated with solutions of 0 and 40 g/L NaCl and the MFC-C with solutions of 0 and 70 g/L NaCl. Results showed that the salinity inhibited power generation in all the MFCs. In the MFC-A, the maximum voltage outputs and CEs decreased from 660 to 130 mV and from 67% to 4%, respectively, with the NaCl concentrations from 0 to 70 g/L. However, the NaCl concentrations did not affect the removal efficiency of substrate (glucose) in the MFC, which reached 100% at the end of every cycle. Moreover, voltages could be recovered to the maximum value (630 mV) within 60 h after replacing the salt solutions with water. With the solutions of 40 and 70 g/L NaCl in the MFC-B and MFC-C, respectively, no obvious electricity was generated after two cycle operations.

Abstract: The tearing behavior of fiber-reinforced laminated composite textile plays the key role in the decision of mechanics performance of high altitude airship envelop material, even directly deciding its safety and stability. This paper, based on typical woven fabricated fiber yarns’ characteristics of geometry and mechanics, adopts Euler-displacement deformation analysis to explore yarn bundles deformation effects on tearing behavior and strength of envelope material with prefabricated damage and crack. Also, models with prefabricated crack with different size and textile density are respectively built to find factors that affect tearing behavior and strength of envelope material. From tests, it can be observed that the built models for predicting its tearing strength are in conformity with the experimental data. Nonlinear relationship is reflected between the initial crack width or yarn bundles density with tearing strength. Conclusively, the methods and models adopted in this paper provide an effective and innovative mind on tearing behavior and strength of fiber reinforced envelope material and make the foundation for its engineering application.