Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: Emission rate of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) released by ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba linn) was estimated from May to October 2007 in Shenyang, China. The released volatiles were collected from branches enclosed in sampling bags onto cartridges filled with Tenax-TA / Carboxen 1000 / Carbosieve SIII, and then quantified by thermal desorption gas chromatography. Isoprene was the main BVOC emitted from ginkgo in May and almost half BVOC emission was limonene during the period (from June to October). The BVOC emission rate increased from May, and reached maximum 42.21 μg g-1 dw h-1 in mid-June, then decreased quickly. Moreover, our study showed that the diurnal change of BVOC emission rate reached its maximum 32.31 µg•g-1dw•h-1 at 9:00 am, and 89.4% of the total emission was limonene. The emissions of isoprene and ocimene were correlated to both temperature (p<0.05) and light level (p<0.05).

Abstract: The microwave irradiation (MI) was found that it had significantly treatment efficiency for pollutants removal. It was developed to treat the alage in this paper. The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as catalyst. The effect of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount and the initial concentration on alage removal were studied. The results showed: with the increasing of the acting time, MI power, GAC amount the alage removal rate were increased, but the effect of the initial concentration to alage removal was opposite; the optimum value of acting time, MI power and GAC amount were 5min, 450W and 3g respectively with the alage removal efficiency reached up to 100%. It also showed that with the alage removed under the MI the COD, SS were removed too. It was discovered that the oxidation process was basically in conformity with the first-order dynamic reaction(ln(C/C0)＝-0.9371t+0.6744（R2=0.9472）).

Abstract: Controlling CO2 emissions without hindering economic development is a major challenge for China. Carbon barrier is a new trade barrier related with carbon trading, which will be a new tool of protectionism in foreign trade. This article expounds the relationship between international trade and economic growth by a standard trade model, analyzes the impact on trade and economic growth of carbon barrier by join a new variable in the model. We suggest that China should create a favorable international environment, draw up carbon trading policies and regulations, actively participate in international carbon trading, fight for pricing by boosting domestic carbon trading market, and take an active and effective adjustment of its industrial structure, increasing the share of service trade as well as other low-carbon forms and methods of trade to cope with the challenge.

Abstract: A new type of inorganic polymer flocculant polysilicate ferric(PSF) was prepared by using pyrite slag as raw materials and used as flocculant in the treatment of tanning wastewater. The infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction had been adopted to characterize the product structure. The infrared spectrometry research indicates that Fe-O, Si-O-Fe and other groups exist in the PSF, which implies that chemical bonding reaction takes place between Fe and silicon in the PSF. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that PSF is the amorphous polymer created upon mutual reaction between Fe3+ and PSi. The application experiment results show that the removal rate of S2-, SS, CODCr, Cr3+, and colority is 92.7%, 90.5%, 82.5％, 80.2% and 90.1% respectively in the condition where temperature is normal, pH value is 7.5 and dosage of the coagulant is 80mg/L. The flocculation effects of PSF in the treatment of tanning wastewater are much better than those of PAC and PFS.

Abstract: This paper focuses on new strategies of safe water purification based on Shanghai water supply quality. Solutions, including improving water quality in water source area, selecting proper new intake location, strengthening conventional treatment & advanced treatment of water supply and establishing monitoring network for safe distribution, could be considered to realize a multi-layered approach to ensuring safe drinking water supply.

Abstract: In the present work, hydrothermal-microwave treatment was used for juvenile and mature ash wood softened treatment. Ratio of longitudinal compressing, single and muti-dimensional minimal curvature radius were used to evaluate the softening effect. XRD and FTIR were used for describing surface composition and crystallinity, analyzing the effect of softening treatment on longitudinal compressing and bending ash wood. The results show hydrothermal-microwave treatment can soften ash wood significantly. With the hot water extract moved, lignin and hemicellulose decreased, in addition, the number of hydroxyl groups on wood surface increased significantly. For the non-crystalline region, microfibre tended to arrange orderly and the degree of crystallinity increased. In the crystal region, the hydroxyl of the sur-microfibre was exposed and the hydrogen bonding enhanced and the width of crystal region increased. When treated under the optimum condition of scheme B, the ratio of longitudinal compressing reached maximum, and the single and muti-dimensional radius reached minimum.

Abstract: Chose Nanyin Reservoir as the study object which located in southwestern Songnen Plain. The paper studied relationship of the ecological environment and economic development between the co-ordinations. Based on sustainable development and ecological economics theory, the paper combined Songnen Plain Reservoir the actual situation and promoted sustainable development strategies and operational measures.

Abstract: Red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichi); mtDNA; Ecological environment ; Conservation Abstract. Full cytochrome b gene sequence of mtDNA was applied to identify and analyze nine fecal samples collected from Tibet, China in this research. By searching for highly similar sequences (megablast) on NCBI, we have found all nine samples that have the highest similarities with the published sequence: AY044861 of the red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichi). By comparing our sequences with those available on GenBank, all nine samples were identified as the red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichi) by high sequence similarity. Therefore, we ascertain one ecological recovery locality for the red deer in Tibet and hope this study will enhance the conservation work for this species and local biodiversity.

Abstract: Optimal selection of interception ratio of combined sewer systems is a problem of comparison in technical and economical aspects. Using the simulation result of SWMM, the relationship between pollutant removal efficiency and interception ratio can be quantified, so the technical index of interception ratio selection can be obtained. Regarding of pollutant removal efficiency and construction cost as functions of interception ratio, two objective functions of optimization model can be obtained. By solving this optimization model, the balance between technical and economical aspects can be realized at the result interception ratio. Tested by the case sewer system, an optimal result can be obtained by this optimization model and it’s solving methodology.

Abstract: This paper presents the single flow in porous media to investigate CO2 flow velocity in porous media.We used high resolution MRI to visualize the fluid flow distribution and measure axial mean velocity in porous media.In the experiment, the porous media sample was packed with glass beads, with a porosity of around 0.4. Based the traditional spin echo sequence, we modified the sequence with flow encoding gradients in the flow direction .The sample was saturated. The water flow rates were 1ml/min、2ml/min、3ml/min and 5ml/min,respectively. First, the sequence was calibrated by pipe flow without porous media. As expected, the experimental images show parabolic velocity distribution. The velocity in the centre is high. Then the sample was measured with the same sequence. The images show that the velocity distribution is homogeneous in the porous media. In the boundary of the sample, the velocities are low because of wall-effect. Moreover, the mean velocities calculated from MRI images agree with the real velocities.These errors between calculated velocities and real velocities are small. It may be reduced by changing the experiment conditions.MRI is a useful technology for measuring flow in porous media.