Advanced Materials Research Vols. 194-196

Abstract: This paper reported an improved PZT95/5 sol-gel preparation method, which with separated lead acetate trihydrate, zirconium nitrate, and titanium butoxide precursor-monomer. The PZT95/5 sol-gel precursor was prepared by these three stable-separated precursor-monomers and some chelating agents. It was deposited onto Si substrate by spin-coating. Researches were carried out on the film structure and dielectric properties associated with water content, sol-gel precursor content and processing techniques. After the precursor solution prepared successfully, a very large dielectric constant, strong stability and fine relaxation of PZT95/5 ferroelectric-films were obtained, whose dielectric constant was 449 at room temperature and changed flatly before 180°C . The peculiar permittivity reached 3446 occurred at the curie temperature (240°C ). The ε_r-T plots with different frequencies conformed to the material properties of relaxor ferroelectrics, and also the sample had longer relaxation time confirmed by Cole-Cole plots.

Abstract: This study has been initiated from observation of changes in color from samples in foaming process using batch process. The brightly whitened color of foamed plastic sample in batch process has been artfully reproduced by adjusting foaming ratio. And we measured reflectivity per wavelength using spectrophotometer in the range of visible ray at an interval of 10nm. We also measured hue (color), chroma (color purity or saturation), and value (lightness or brightness) in accordance with Musell HV/C standard, through which the relation between foaming ratio and charactics in changes in color has been analyzed. Then we further discussed regarding the cause, focus area and application of our research.

Abstract: This paper mainly studies the glossnesschange、mechanical properties change and hardness change of polyurea coatings during the immersing experiment. The result of the glossness experiment shows that Qtech-116 polyurea sample glossness declining rate were 18.33%, 3.69% and 0.83% after immersed in 5％H₂SO₄、5％NaOH and 3.5％NaCl for 60d.The mechanical properties results shows that the tensile strengt decrease rate were 16.30%、2.69% and 2.28% after immersed in 5％H₂SO₄、5％NaOH and 3.5％NaCl for 60d. Qtech-116 polyurea sample hardness showns declined 0.83%、no change and increased 35.81% respectively after immersed in 5％H₂SO₄、5％NaOH and 3.5％NaCl for 60d.

Abstract: The textured thin films of Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), prepared on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering, were treated under the environment of hydrogen plasma in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber for different time. The structure and properties of the thin films before and after the treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Hall effect measurements and UV-Vis –NIR spectrometer. The results obtained showed that, after the treatment, the crystal structure of the films was not obviously changed, the roughness of the films was reduced, the carrier concentration and Hall mobility of the films increased to a certain saturated level with the treatment time, and the conductivity of the films increased. The transmittance and optical band gap of the AZO films was not affected by plasma treatment.

Abstract: With a mixture gas of N2 and Ar, silicon nitride thin films were deposited on glass substrates by different radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering power without intentional substrate heating. The chemical composition, phase structure, surface morphology, optical properties, refractive index, hydrophobic properties of the films were characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), nkd-system spectrophotometer and CA-XP150 contact angle analyzer, respectively. The results showed that silicon nitride thin films were amorphous and rich in Si; the transmittance reduced but refractive index and surface roughness increased; and the hydrophobic properties of SiNx became better with the increase of RF power.

Abstract: By means of melt blending process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder with two-step process, the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene octene copolymer (POE)/zeolite molecular sieves (ZMS) composites were prepared. The influence of ZMS on the crystallinity, mechanical properties and permeability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), universal testing machine and permeability tester, respectively. The results showed that the addition of ZMS made the crystallinity of composite film decreased and the growth rate of crystal nucleus promoted. As the content of ZMS rose, the mechanical properties of composite film decreased, while the CO₂, O₂ permeability and the moisture permeability increased.

Abstract: The influence of compatibilizer and dispersant on the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of HDPE/UHMWPE/HA is investigated here by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It has been analyzed by Jeziorny method. For different composites, the Jeziorny plots shows the linear portion. The small deviations from linearity only appear at higher relative crystallinity because of the secondary crystallization. The value of Avrami parameter n is between 2.7 and 3.5. At the same temperature, Z_c and S_i become bigger after adding compatibilier and dispersant while tmax is decreasing. The activation energy of crystallization also have been studied by Kissinger equation. The result shows that the addition of compatibilizer and dispersant can decrease the activation energy. In addition, the compatibilizer and dispersant also improve the mechanical properties of composites.

Abstract: A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving anhydrous nickel chloride, anhydrous cobalt chloride and citric acid in butanol and ethanol. The solution was refluxed under continuous stirring, and then through hydrolyzing to change to a stable sol. To aerate dry NH₃ into the solution after being refluxed can deposit the chloride ions completely .The thin films were deposited by dip-coating method. The thin films were Characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochromic performance of films were Characterized by means of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) measurements, and optical (transmittance) method. Results show that the thin films can transform from amorphous into cubic-NiO nanocrystalline heated at 280°С for 30 min and the xerogel powder must be heated at 300°С for 30 min. The results of films heated at different temperature show that the film heated below crystal temperature has a loose, island amorphous structure, and that of the films heated at 300°С has a compact, regular square structure. The results of cyclic voltammogram and transmittance spectra of films suggest that the molar ratio of Ni/Co=5 cobalt doped can obviously decrease the potential of oxidation and reduction reaction, and make the films present the lowest transmittance in visible range in colored state. The films prepared showed electrochromic reversibility only in crystal state. The film heated at 300°С for 30 min occurred the highest intensity of the peak of current density of oxidation and reduction..

Abstract: This research investigated and explored the overall technical and legal suggestions on mixed ash (bottom ash + fly ash) from the first BOT(built-operation then transfer) incineration plant in south Taoyuan of Taiwan, with the hope of serving as the reference for treating ash from urban refuse incinerator and making sustainable operation management policies in Taiwan. Both bottom ash and fly ash contain high-content harmful metals like lead, chrome, and cadmium, with the lead content exceeding standard value. Plasma fusing technology may effectively settle toxic heavy metals and reduce their dissolution rate. The results show that the increase in percentage of bottom ash could maintain post-fusing strength and produce solidification effect, but this reduced the stability of toxic heavy metals and raised their dissolution rate. Suitable mixture ratio of bottom ash and fly ash was 2:1, volume reduction ratio 0.349, and weight reduction ratio 0.4936. The mixture was fulvous and dense with gloss and adequate strength. The dissolution test of lava products complied with national standards, and they might be used for recycling aggregates and solidifying cement.

Abstract: An investigation on Cu/Cr/Si composite thin films demonstrated that a thin Cr layer affects the microstructures and mechanical behavior of Cu films significantly. The fracture modes changes from brittle fracture to ductile rupture, as indicated by the dimpled rupture of Cu films. Moreover, the Cr sticking layer can result in carrot-shaped rods and a fine grain size. Further analysis indicates their deformation and fracture processes are closely related to the coupling of dislocation-mediated plasticity as well as the formation and growth of voids which act as sites for nucleation of the dimples.